commit 81bd905aa5f110cc0c7b7d982f81b07ebe442504 Author: Loïc Dachary Date: Tue Sep 6 13:34:25 2022 +0000 new deploy: 2022-09-06T13:34:25+00:00 diff --git a/404.html b/404.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8414f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/404.html @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +404 Not Found +

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diff --git a/about/index.html b/about/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5d8bc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/about/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,285 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + About | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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+ + +

About

Gna! provides dedicated managed Gitea hosting, including Woodpecker CI. Security updates are applied as soon as they are available and carefully tested. Each Gitea instance is monitored 24/7 and has backups.

You can rely on Gna! if you are an individual software developer who need their own Gitea instance with CI but can't be bothered with installation and maintenance. You want the freedom to download a backup and seamlessly self-host it whenever you decide: no strings attached.

If you are into trouble and need assistance with a Gitea instance not hosted at Gna!, you can ask for help at the Gna! clinic. The doctors have developped a unique expertise and are well equiped to help you recover and upgrade.

Do you already have an expertise running Gitea? You are welcome to join the Gna! collective, get in touch in the forum or the chat.

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+ + +

+ +

+ + +

1.17 breaking changes episode 1: preserving a custom gitconfig

+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 22 + June + +, + 2022 · 2 min read +

+ + +

Before version 1.17, when Gitea needed to change the git configuration, it modified the $HOME/.gitconfig file. For instance it would set core.quotePath to false:

[core]
+	quotePath = false
+

When installing Gitea from docker or rootless or even from binary this $HOME/.gitconfig file belongs to a user that is dedicated to Gitea and not used by anyone else.

However, if an Gitea installation was done differently and $HOME/.gitconfig has been customized because it is shared by a user or another application, there is a good chance that manual modifications were done such as:

[user]
+	name = Jane Doe
+	email = jane@doe.com
+

It is also possible that the file was modified manually by the Gitea admin for other reasons. In both there is a potential for breakage when upgrading to Gitea >= 1.17 because the location of the file changed. It must be moved manually to the new location as follows:

Figure out the directory where $HOME/.gitconfig must be moved by running the doctor:

$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor 
+[1] Check paths and basic configuration
+ - [I] Configuration File Path:    "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini"
+ - [I] Repository Root Path:       "/data/git/repositories"
+ - [I] Data Root Path:             "/data/gitea"
+ - [I] Custom File Root Path:      "/data/gitea"
+ - [I] Work directory:             "/app/gitea"
+ - [I] Log Root Path:              "/data/gitea/log"
+OK
+

Copy the $HOME/.gitconfig file to the Repository Root Path (which is /data/git/repositories in the example above).

The reason why this breaking change was introduced is to workaround a rare problem impacting Gitea installations relying on networked volumes.

+ +

+
+
+

+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + + #tutorial + +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/index.html b/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c968e83 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,330 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 2: preserving a custom gitconfig | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

1.17 breaking changes episode 2: preserving a custom gitconfig

+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 20 + July + +, + 2022 · 2 min read +

+ + +

On June 21st, 2022 1.17.0-rc1 was published and the location of the gitconfig file moved to a new location, which required manual intervention. This change impacted a large number of Gitea installations because the docker image tag latest was set to 1.17.0-rc1 by accident. As a result, about 10,000 pulls per hour from the docker hub got the release candidate instead of the expected stable version.

Unfortunately moving the git home directory in 1.17.0-rc1 was implemented in way that created a security problem. The fix that was merged in Gitea to fix it requires moving the gitconfig file and was released July 19th, 2022 in 1.17.0-rc2.

This would have been a minor inconvenience if it only has an impact on adventurous people trying the release candidate in a test environment. But since all Gitea production installations based on the latest tag were inadvertently upgraded to 1.17.0-rc1, the admins who moved their custom .gitconfig will need to move it one more time when upgrading to 1.17.0-rc2.

In 1.17.0-rc2, a custom .gitconfig must be moved manually to the new git home directory as follows:

Figure out the directory where $HOME/.gitconfig must be moved by running the doctor:

$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor 
+[1] Check paths and basic configuration
+ - [I] Configuration File Path:    "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini"
+ - [I] Repository Root Path:       "/data/git/repositories"
+ - [I] Data Root Path:             "/data/gitea"
+ - [I] Custom File Root Path:      "/data/gitea"
+ - [I] Work directory:             "/app/gitea"
+ - [I] Log Root Path:              "/data/gitea/log"
+OK
+

Copy the $HOME/.gitconfig file to the Data Root Path/home (which is /data/gitea/home in the example above).

+ +

+
+
+

+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + + #tutorial + +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/index.html b/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a014e64 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Introducing Gna! | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

Introducing Gna!

+ + + + + + Aravinth Manivannan + + + · 22 + April + +, + 2022 · 1 min read +

+ + +

Introducing Hostea, a project Loïc +Dachary and Aravinth +Manivannan are working on to create a full Free +software development suite based on +Gitea for the forge, Woodpecker +CI for CI/CD, +Pages for static sites and +GitPad for gists.

This talk introduces the projects goals and philosophy behind the +project.

Please see +here +to learn more about the event.

Details# +

organised by: forgefriends.org
date: 2022^th April, 2022
venue: Online

Resources# +

slides(ODP)
slides(PDF)

+ +

+
+
+

+ + #hostea + + #forgefriends + +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.odp b/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.odp new file mode 100644 index 0000000..60017d9 Binary files /dev/null and b/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.odp differ diff --git a/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.pdf b/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..657e08a Binary files /dev/null and b/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.pdf differ diff --git a/blog/atom.xml b/blog/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c97da6 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,758 @@ + + + - Posts + + + Zola + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/blog/atom.xml + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 2: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/ + On June 21st, 2022 1.17.0-rc1 was published and the location of the gitconfig file moved to a new location, <a href="2022-06-23-1.17-breaking-episode-1">which required manual intervention</a>. This change impacted a large number of Gitea installations because the docker image tag latest <a href="https://mastodon.online/@hostea/108514134565401798">was set to 1.17.0-rc1</a> by accident. As a result, about 10,000 pulls per hour from the docker hub got the release candidate instead of the expected stable version. +Unfortunately moving the git home directory in 1.17.0-rc1 was implemented in way that created a security problem. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/20114">fix that was merged in Gitea</a> to fix it requires moving the gitconfig file and was released July 19th, 2022 in 1.17.0-rc2. +This would have been a minor inconvenience if it only has an impact on adventurous people trying the release candidate in a test environment. But since all Gitea production installations based on the latest tag were inadvertently upgraded to 1.17.0-rc1, the admins who moved their custom .gitconfig will need to move it one more time when upgrading to 1.17.0-rc2. +In 1.17.0-rc2, a custom .gitconfig must be moved manually to the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/config-cheat-sheet/#git-git">new git home directory</a> as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Data Root Path/home (which is <code>/data/gitea/home</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> + + + + Get a Gitea instance with CI at Gna! + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/experimental/ + Hosting a Gitea instance on Gna! is now possible (but still experimental). It is meant to be a minimum viable product: anyone can <a href="https://hosteadashboard.gna.org">create a new dedicated Gitea instance</a> within minutes and pay for it on a monthly basis with a credit card. It includes a dedicated CI based on <a href="https://woodpecker-ci.org/">Woodpecker</a>. The smallest instance costs 10€ per month (2GB RAM, 10GB disk, 1CPU) and will be a good fit for a freelance up to a team of five people but bigger instances are also available if more RAM, CPU or disk is required. +<video width="600" controls> + <source src="https://cloud.forgefriends.org/s/xXLcYpsE469tJEj/download?path=&files=hostea-screencast-vm-create.mp4" type="video/mp4" /> +</video> +The service is 100% infrastructure as code, published as <a href="https://lab.enough.community/main/infrastructure/-/tree/9e18ebbf675c8a65d1585d20b4cf6295af6e52ed/playbooks/hosteadashboard">Ansible playbooks within Enough</a>. It can be self-hosted on bare metal (with <a href="https://libvirt.org/">libvirt</a>) or in the cloud (with <a href="https://www.openstack.org/">OpenStack</a>): follow the <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html#quick-start">quick start</a>, configure playbooks for <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/services/hostea.html">hostea</a> and <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/services/hosteadashboard.html">the dashboard</a>. +The organization supporting Gna! is a <a href="https://forum.gna.org/c/governance-and-decisions/7">horizontal collective</a> of individuals and organizations. The <a href="https://forum.hostea.org/t/decision-revenue-sharing-model/92">revenue sharing model</a> is set to dedicate 25% of the income (more than the profits) to help the Free Software projects Hostea depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. +<h3 id="the-origin">The origin<a class="zola-anchor" href="#the-origin" aria-label="Anchor link for: the-origin" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In February 2022 the project of running a dedicated Gitea hosting service was <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/a-gitea-hosting-service-under-the-umbrella-of-the-gitea-project/4692">proposed to the Gitea project</a> and other organizations and <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/02/16/project-plans-for-a-hosted-gitea-online-service/">plans were drafted</a>. After a month of discussions it turned out to not be a <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/03/11/the-inconclusive-story-of-four-failed-project-offers/">good match for any of them</a>. +It was suggested to create a new project from scratch instead of joining an existing organization. However, in order to be sustainable, a hosting service needs customers willing to pay for the service. And nobody had that kind of skill. It was therefore decided that to terminate the project: there is no point is creating a technical stack that's not going to be used by anyone. +<h3 id="a-technical-stack-with-no-users">A technical stack with no users<a class="zola-anchor" href="#a-technical-stack-with-no-users" aria-label="Anchor link for: a-technical-stack-with-no-users" + >#</a +> +</h3> +The most common mistake technical people do when creating a new piece of software is to overlook the fact that they have absolutely no idea how to let their intended user base know about it. Maybe the reason it happens so often is because it is very difficult to resist the urge of creating something. Because that's what technical people love to do: create things, even when they have no clue if it can be used. +It took no longer than two weeks for the people involved in Gna! to decide to build the technical stack to run hostea instead of being reasonable and give up. It was just too tempting. +To keep the madness contained and enjoyable, it was decided to set a deadline to July 1st and to <a href="https://gitea.gna.org/Hostea/july-mvp/issues">define precise and realistic technical goals</a>. It turned out to be an enjoyable experience: everyone learned a lot in the process and the outcome is something that can be reproduced. Most MVPs are a brittle pile of hacks designed to last a few weeks and be thrown away. But since a primary goal of the project was to create something self-hostable, it had to implement that feature and therefore be reproducible. +<h3 id="a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model">A horizontal collective with a revenue sharing model<a class="zola-anchor" href="#a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model" aria-label="Anchor link for: a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Another goal of Gna! is to deploy federated forges, even at an experimental stage. Instead of creating a centralized organization to support Hostea, it was decided to create <a href="https://forum.gna.org/c/governance-and-decisions/7">horizontal collective</a>. It feels like a contradiction for a project committed to decentralization to be governed by a centralized organization. +The collective is composed of individuals and organizations but, unlike exclusively volunteer based Free Software projects, it is for profit. Customers rent Gitea instances by the month and the income is used to pay for expenses. There is however a difficulty: by nature a horizontal collective cannot be incorporated as it would create a level of hierarchy. The <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/decision-revenue-sharing-model/92">revenue sharing model</a> had to be set as an informal agreement between members where one of them receives the income and distributes it to the others, depending on their Gna! related expenses. +It also requires that 25% of the income (not the profits) is dedicated to help the Free Software projects that Gna! depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. It can be via a donation, by upstreaming a bug fix or any kind of work that is beneficial to the dependency. +<h3 id="dedicated-to-forge-federation">Dedicated to forge federation<a class="zola-anchor" href="#dedicated-to-forge-federation" aria-label="Anchor link for: dedicated-to-forge-federation" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In the spirit of dogfooding, the people who created the technical stack of Gna! will use it for themselves on a daily basis. Since the focus of the authors is on <a href="https://forgefriends.org/blog/2022/06/30/2022-06-state-forge-federation/">forge federation</a>, they will add federation support in Hostea. This will be their primary motivation to improve and maintain Hostea: it is the only hosting platform where this can happen. + + + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 1: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-1/ + Before version 1.17, when Gitea needed to change the <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config">git configuration</a>, it modified the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file. For instance it would <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/release/v1.16/modules/git/git.go#L174-L177">set core.quotePath to false</a>: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[core] + quotePath = false +</code></pre> +When installing Gitea <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">from docker</a> or <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker-rootless/">rootless</a> or even <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/">from binary</a> this <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file belongs to a user that is <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#prepare-environment">dedicated to Gitea</a> and not used by anyone else. +However, if an Gitea installation was done differently and <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> has been customized because it is shared by a user or another application, there is a good chance that manual modifications were done such as: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[user] + name = Jane Doe + email = jane@doe.com +</code></pre> +It is also possible that the file was modified manually by the Gitea admin for other reasons. In both there is a potential for breakage when upgrading to Gitea >= 1.17 because the location of the file changed. It must be moved manually to the new location as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Repository Root Path (which is <code>/data/git/repositories</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> +The reason why this breaking change was introduced is to workaround <a href="https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/">a rare problem</a> impacting Gitea installations relying on networked volumes. + + + + [tutorial] A gentle introduction to the gitea doctor + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/ + While helping people with their upgrades <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/migration-from-1-2-to-1-16-8/5309">in the Gitea forum</a> or <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/gitea-upgrade-from-1-14-1-to-1-16-8/90">at the Gna! clinic</a>, I realized that few Gitea admins know about the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/command-line/#doctor"><code>gitea doctor</code></a> command and decided to write this blog post as a gentle introduction. +<h3 id="an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away">An apple a day keeps the doctor away<a class="zola-anchor" href="#an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" aria-label="Anchor link for: an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Or in our case, Gitea versions <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.11.5/cmd/doctor.go">below 1.11.5</a>. Since then, the <code>gitea doctor</code> is available and is designed to run against a specific Gitea version. It would not be a good idea to try to run the doctor from Gitea 1.16 to verify the sanity of a Gitea 1.2 instance: it will be confused by how the database is organized and a number of other details. Historical fun fact: the <code>gitea doctor</code> was backported to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.5/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.5</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.6/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.6</a> and may be of help if you run this particular version and are facing the problem that motivated the backport. +With each version <code>gitea doctor</code> improves and gains new capabilities. For instance, in Gitea 1.17 it becomes aware of <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19731">orphaned pull requests</a> and is able to fix them. If such a problem exists in Gitea 1.16, it does not know about it. +<h3 id="calling-the-doctor">Calling the doctor<a class="zola-anchor" href="#calling-the-doctor" aria-label="Anchor link for: calling-the-doctor" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In the following, examples are based on a Gitea 1.16.8 instance you can run as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker run --name gitea -p 3000:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless +$ docker exec gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com +$ docker exec gitea mkdir /var/lib/gitea/data/log +</code></pre> +And then you can go to the <a href="https://127.0.0.1:3000/">web interface</a> to create a <code>test</code> repository, with an initial <code>README.md</code> file. When this is done the doctor can be called as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --all +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/etc/gitea/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/custom" + - [I] Work directory: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/data/log" +OK +[2] Check if there is garbage storage files +OK +[3] Check Database Version +OK +[4] Check consistency of database +OK +[5] Check if user with wrong type exist +OK +[6] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +[7] Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + - [I] ScriptType bash is on the current PATH at /bin/bash +OK +[8] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +[9] Recalculate Stars number for all user +OK +[10] Check old archives + - [I] 0 old archives in repository need to be deleted +OK +[11] Enable push options + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +OK +[12] Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + - [W] Found 0 broken repo_units +OK +[13] Recalculate merge bases + - [W] 0 PRs with incorrect mergebases of 0 PRs total in 1 repos +OK +[14] Check git-daemon-export-ok files + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +</code></pre> +<h3 id="what-does-the-doctor-know">What does the doctor know?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-does-the-doctor-know" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-does-the-doctor-know" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Although the <code>doctor</code> can be compared to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fsck">fsck(8)</a>, it does not know everything. It took decades for <code>fsck</code> to become the ultimate authority on finding problems on file systems and reliably fixing them without losing data. Nowadays, only a handful of people in the world are brave enough to manually attempt a file system recovery when <code>fsck</code> cannot recover from a data loss. +The first <code>doctor</code> version is two years old and Gitea admins are still routinely running SQL queries against the database or moving files around when trying to figure out why a Gitea instance is not behaving as it should. It is however worth checking if the doctor does not already have a solution by listing all it can do: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --list +Default Name Title +* paths Check paths and basic configuration + storages Check if there is garbage storage files +* check-db-version Check Database Version + check-db-consistency Check consistency of database +* check-user-type Check if user with wrong type exist +* authorized-keys Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date + script-type Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + hooks Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + recalculate-stars-number Recalculate Stars number for all user + check-old-archives Check old archives + enable-push-options Enable push options + fix-broken-repo-units Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + recalculate-merge-bases Recalculate merge bases + check-git-daemon-export-ok Check git-daemon-export-ok files +</code></pre> +And then call the <code>check</code> that looks interesting: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run authorized-keys +[1] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +</code></pre> +The challenge is to figure out which <code>check</code> does what and at the moment the best source of information is ... <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8">the sources</a> themselves. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/cmd/doctor.go">doctor.go</a> command is the entry point and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8/modules/doctor">the doctor directory</a> contains the rest. +Some <code>checks</code> are straightforward to understand, even if you do not know Go, such as <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/modules/doctor/authorizedkeys.go">the authorized-keys check</a>. Others are much more involved and your best chance is to <a href="https://matrix.to/#/#gitea:matrix.org">ask the Gitea chatroom</a> for help. +<h3 id="is-it-going-to-hurt">Is it going to hurt?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#is-it-going-to-hurt" aria-label="Anchor link for: is-it-going-to-hurt" + >#</a +> +</h3> +By default the doctor (very much like <code>fsck -N</code>) only performs non destructive checks and displays diagnostics, with an indication of how serious the problem is. In the example above, there only are lines with [I] (which indicates an information) and [W] which indicates a warning that can be ignored but may be worth looking into. Those two warnings are actually just informational and should be labelled as [I], <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19836">which has been fixed</a> in a more recent version of the doctor. +Now let's do something bad: remove the permissions from a hook in our repository: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea chmod -x /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive +</code></pre> +Run the doctor with the <code>check</code> supposed to find that out: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +Ask it to fix this with the <code>--fix</code> flag: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks --fix +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] Regenerated hooks for root/test + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +And run it one last time to check all is well: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +</code></pre> +Even when the doctor is unable to fix a problem, it can help by showing extensive debug output which can be found, by default, in the <code>doctor.log</code> file in the directory from which it runs. Or it can be displayed on the standard output with <code>--log-file -</code>, which is most convenient when running in docker. +<h3 id="going-further">Going further<a class="zola-anchor" href="#going-further" aria-label="Anchor link for: going-further" + >#</a +> +</h3> +If that was helpful to you, I would very much appreciate if you <a href="https://mastodon.online/@dachary">send me a message on Mastodon</a>. It will encourage me to write more blog posts to share what I learn about Gitea. Even better: you could <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pulls">send a pull request</a> to improve the doctor and help it mature. + + + + [solved] Zombies created by Gitea + 2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies-part-2/ + Gitea can <a href="/blog/zombies">create zombies</a>, for instance if a Git mirror takes too long. When updating a mirror, Gitea relies on the <code>git remote update</code> command which creates a child process, <code>git-remote-https</code>, to fetch data from the remote repository. Gitea has an internal timeout that will kill the child process (e.g. <code>git remote update</code>) when it takes too long but will not kill the grandchild. This grandchild will become an orphan and run forever or until its own timeout expires, which is about two minutes on git version 2.25. +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ time git clone https://4.4.4.4 +Clonage dans '4.4.4.4'... +fatal: impossible d'accéder à 'https://4.4.4.4/': Failed to connect to 4.4.4.4 port 443: Connexion terminée par expiration du délai d'attente + +real 2m9,753s +user 0m0,001s +sys 0m0,009s +</code></pre> +As explained in the <a href="/blog/zombies/#killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children">diagnostic blog post regarding Gitea zombies</a> there fortunately is a very simple way to avoid this by making sure each Gitea child is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_group">process group leader</a>. That first step was <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19865">introduced in Gitea 1.17</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19865">backported to Gitea 1.16.9</a>. The actual bug fix can now be implemented. +<h3 id="using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children">Using negative process id to kill children<a class="zola-anchor" href="#using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children" aria-label="Anchor link for: using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children" + >#</a +> +</h3> +When Gitea timeout on a child, it relies on <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/blob/f8a53df314e4af8cd350eedb0dae77d4c4fc30d0/src/os/exec/exec.go#L650">os.Process.Kill</a> which translates into a using the kill(2) system call to send a SIGKILL signal to unconditionally terminate it: <code>kill(pid, SIGKILL)</code>. Using a negative pid with <code>kill(-pid, SIGKILL)</code> will also terminate all processes created by Gitea's child, without Gitea knowing when or why they were created. From the kill(2) manual page: +<blockquote> +If pid is less than -1, then sig is sent to every process in the process group whose ID is -pid. +</blockquote> +Which is implemented as follows in the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec.go#L130">Friendly Forge Format library</a>: +<blockquote> +<code>syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)</code> +</blockquote> +<h3 id="not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext">Not using the default Go CommandContext<a class="zola-anchor" href="#not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext" aria-label="Anchor link for: not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Since <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/os/exec#CommandContext">CommandContext</a> does not allow to send a signal to the negative pid of the child process, it has to be implemented by Gitea itself, in a way that is similar to how the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec.go#L75-82">Friendly Forge Format library</a> does it: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code> ctxErr := watchCtx(ctx, cmd.Process.Pid) + err = cmd.Wait() + interruptErr := <-ctxErr + // If cmd.Wait returned an error, prefer that. + // Otherwise, report any error from the interrupt goroutine. + if interruptErr != nil && err == nil { + err = interruptErr + } +</code></pre> +<h3 id="testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed">Testing the bug is fixed and stays fixed<a class="zola-anchor" href="#testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed" aria-label="Anchor link for: testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Long standing bugs that are difficult to reproduce manually such as this one require robust testing to ensure that: +<ul> +<li>the diagnostic identifying the root cause is correct</li> +<li>the bug fix works</li> +<li>it does not resurface insidiously because of a subtle regression introduce years later</li> +</ul> +It is easy to implement as can be seen in the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L44-76">Friendly Forge Format library</a>. In a nutshell: +<ul> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L53">git clone https://4.4.4.4</a> which will hang because of firewall rules</li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L60-65">wait for the git-remote-https</a> grandchild process to be spawned</li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L67-68">cancel the context and wait for the goroutine to terminate</a></li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L70-75">verify the git-remote-https is killed</a></li> +</ul> +And with that... no more zombies! + + + + [diagnostic] Zombies created by Gitea + 2022-06-02T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-02T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies/ + The first <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/3242">issue about zombie processes</a> created by Gitea was reported in 2017 and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/13987">resurfaced</a> on a <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19077">regular basis</a>. Although it does not look pretty, zombie processes are leftovers that do not consume resources and never caused any kind of harm. Here is one scenario that will create a zombie: +<ul> +<li>Gitea updates a mirror by spawning the process <code>git remote update</code></li> +<li><code>git remote update</code> spawns yet another process, <code>git fetch</code></li> +<li><code>git fetch</code> is stuck, for instance because of network problems, and Gitea eventually times out</li> +<li>Gitea kill the process <code>git remote update</code></li> +<li>When killed <code>git remote update</code> does not kill its own child and <code>git fetch</code> becomes an orphaned process which keeps running</li> +<li>When <code>git fetch</code> eventually completes it becomes a zombie because its original parent is no longer around to wait on it</li> +</ul> +<h3 id="pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans">PID 1 process and waiting on orphans<a class="zola-anchor" href="#pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans" aria-label="Anchor link for: pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans" + >#</a +> +</h3> +This scenario is not unique to Gitea and it is such a common pattern that safeguards have been implemented to mitigate the proliferation of zombies. Orphaned process are automatically attached to the process with PID 1, which is expected to wait on every process, whether it created them or not. When Gitea is installed from binary on GNU/Linux this is <code>/bin/init</code> and when Gitea runs from the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/6171ea7d318c0ca8714bc6efd6a97ea4b495eb6d/Dockerfile">default docker image</a> this is <code>s6</code>: they will both wait on orphaned processes and there won't be any zombies. +<h3 id="what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process">What if Gitea is the only running process?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process" + >#</a +> +</h3> +But when Gitea runs from the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/6171ea7d318c0ca8714bc6efd6a97ea4b495eb6d/Dockerfile.rootless">rootless docker image</a>, Gitea is the only process running in the container. Orphaned processes will have Gitea as a parent but will not wait on them and they will stay in a zombie state forever. To reproduce this problem in a minimal way: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker run --name gitea -p 8080:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless +$ docker exec --user 1000 gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com +</code></pre> +The <code>git</code> command can then be replaced with a script that waits forever: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ ( echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nsleep infinity' ) | docker exec -i --user root gitea tee /usr/bin/git +$ docker exec --user root gitea chmod +x /usr/bin/git +</code></pre> +Trying to create a repository from the web interface will create the conditions for a zombie to show: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 164 git {git} /bin/bash /usr/bin/git -c credential.helper= -c protocol.version=2 -c uploadpack.allowfilter=true -c uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant=true init --bare + 164 165 sleep sleep infinity +</code></pre> +When the <code>git</code> process is killed by Gitea, the <code>sleep</code> child will be orphaned: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 165 sleep sleep infinity +</code></pre> +Killing it will turn it into a zombie: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea kill 165 +$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 165 sleep [sleep] +</code></pre> +<h3 id="killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children">Killing a child process and all its children<a class="zola-anchor" href="#killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children" aria-label="Anchor link for: killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children" + >#</a +> +</h3> +There should be no need for an admin running Gitea to worry about those gory details, it should be taken care of regardless of the environment Gitea runs in. Fortunately there is a very simple way to avoid the creation of zombies by ensuring that all Gitea child process are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_group">process group leaders</a>. In a nutshell it means that when the child is killed all its children and grand children are also killed. + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.15 and up: path not found or permission denied + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/path-not-found/ + In Gitea 1.15 the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/custom/conf/app.example.ini">app.example.ini</a> file was changed to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/commit/4a84022d2559ccfc99960c7c654ee8b9b38664f7">comment out most of the values</a>. The assumption was that all values exactly matched the defaults <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/setting/setting.go">in the source code</a>. However, there are differences, for instance for <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/modules/setting/setting.go#L771">APP_DATA_PATH</a>. Before Gitea 1.15, <code>app.example.ini</code> contained: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the directory from which the Gitea server was running. In Gitea 1.15 up to 1.16, it was commented out: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. +When a distribution such as voidlinux <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/master/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch">uses app.example.ini</a> as a base for the Gitea package, this change indirectly creates a regression and an upgrade of Gitea <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19367">fails with errors</a> such as <code>unable to open level db at data/data/queues/common: mkdir data: permission denied</code>. The regression did not show as soon as Gitea 1.15 became available in voidlinux because the package <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/7fc9190f0e0d557dd5031e68df4e183892d4315b/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch#L62">explicitly set <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code></a>. But this <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/19d986a2cae9ce73d32552ddb62443b5e7fa13e2">changed when Gitea 1.15.6 was packaged</a> and once the value was commented out, upgrading triggered the problem. This was worked around six month later with the <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/44b6c96fa12ce9d993c7a2ac9486d892735b7e3a">Gitea 1.16.8</a> package. +The <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code> directory is not the only one, the <code>[log] ROOT_PATH</code> is another example. There is an <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19815">ongoing effort</a> to improve the situation in Gitea 1.17. With the downside of introducing breaking changes that will have an impact on all Gitea installations because the content of the <code>app.ini</code> file will be interpreted differently. In the case of <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code>, both: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +will be interpreted to be relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. Every Gitea installation using APP_DATA_PATH = data will need to update the value to be an absolute path such as /var/lib/gitea/data so that it keeps pointing to the expected directory. +In order to prepare for the change or ensure the consistency of all path, there fortunately is a very simple solution: always use absolute paths in the <code>app.ini</code> configuration file. + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.16.[678] error: fatal: unsafe repository is owned by someone else + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/ + April 12, 2022 version <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqv8veb5i6.fsf@gitster.g/">git v2.35.2</a> was released and addresses a security issue <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. It was backported to 2.30.3, v2.31.2, v2.32.1, v2.33.2, and v2.34.2 and published by distributions such as <a href="https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-24765">Debian GNU/Linux</a>, <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +If Gitea runs as user <code>foo</code>, calls a patched Git version and a parent directory of the git repositories is owned by a user other than <code>foo</code>, it will fail with a message such as: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>Failed to open repository: Git/Data Error: exit status 128 - fatal: unsafe repository ('/data/git/repositories/git/data.git' is owned by someone else) +</code></pre> +This started to show in the past few weeks to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455">users running the Gitea binary on Windows</a> who also independently installed git v2.36. And then to people running <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106331149">Gitea from snap</a>, on <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106312061">a Synology NAS</a> and then people running from <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/Dockerfile#L2">Gitea docker images</a> which is based on <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +<h3 id="workarounds">Workarounds<a class="zola-anchor" href="#workarounds" aria-label="Anchor link for: workarounds" + >#</a +> +</h3> +<ul> +<li>If using <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/gitea/gitea">Gitea docker images</a>: +<ul> +<li>upgrade to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">Gitea >=1.16.9</a> or 1.17, both have git >=2.36</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>If the Gitea binary was installed independently of git, upgrade git to a version that is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a> and disable the security check entirely with: +<ul> +<li>impersonate the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">user dedicated to Gitea</a> (usually git)</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<h3 id="bug-fix">Bug fix<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix" + >#</a +> +</h3> +The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19870">bug fix</a> is for Gitea to ensure <code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code> is set on its <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">dedicated user</a> when it initializes. It is effective on the condition that the git CLI version is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a>. +<h3 id="bug-fix-rationale">Bug fix rationale<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix-rationale" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix-rationale" + >#</a +> +</h3> +It is safe to <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs">disable the security check in Gitea</a>. It is not vulnerable to <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a> because it calls the git CLI <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/command.go#L160">after changing its working directory</a> to be the git repository targeted by the command (for instance <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/diff.go#L38-L45">diff</a>) or a temporary directory. Therefore it will not explore the parent directories looking for a git configuration file. +The security check is triggered because the repository is owned by an unexpected user (root instead of git typically) and not because a parent directory is owned by an unexpected user. This, in itself, is a problem worth investigating but it is unrelated and was revealed by the newer security check of git even though it does not match the threat described in <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. +It appears non trivial to enforce a consistent ownership of files and directories, either within docker or outside docker when networked file systems are involved. The Gitea server was not troubled by this inconsistency so far because the permissions allow it to write and read where expected, regardless of the owner. It is not worth looking into but it is ancient and unrelated. +Gitea runs under a dedicated user, either when installed <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">from binary</a> or from <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">docker</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/git.go#L196-L207">modifies the global git configuration</a> depending on the git version at initialization time. Fixing the problem can therefore be done by <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs#bcd72ff867cbd1ddd5b6518c3a05b5f1a6021286_209_209">disabling the security check in the global git config file at initialization time</a>. It also requires a minimum version of git 2.36 to be installed, which is the case for Gitea docker images with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">versions >= 1.16.9</a>. + + + + [solved] blank or error 500 page after login + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/ + The <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/upgrade-from-gitea/#upgrade-from-binary">instructions to upgrade a Gitea instance</a> only require three to four steps. They work fine most of the time but the documentation is lacking a "Troubleshooting" section to help out when something goes wrong. Maintaining instructions on how to diagnose and fix upgrade problems is an ambitious undertaking and requires updates every time a new case is discovered. +An <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/things-to-know-about-gitea-upgrades/39">inventory of the known upgrade issues</a> was started to figure out how to structure such a section in the documentation. The <a href="https://blog.gitea.io/">release notes</a> were analyzed all the way back to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.9.6">Gitea 1.9.6</a> and the work is still in progress. Here is a sample of the tips that will be included: +<ul> +<li>Upgrade directly to the latest Gitea version, there is no need to upgrade to intermediate versions.</li> +<li>If the upgrade from version x.y to version x.y+2 fails and there is a need to narrow down the problem, try upgrading to the latest minor version of each major version and verify it works.</li> +<li>etc.</li> +</ul> +However, even with the best documentation, someone will eventually run into an new problem and fixing it without compromising the integrity of the data will be challenging. This is best demonstrated by a real world example that was concluded a few days ago. +<h1 id="getting-help-from-the-community">Getting help from the community<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-help-from-the-community" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-help-from-the-community" + >#</a +> +</h1> +After <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">upgrading a Gitea intsance from 1.9.6 to 1.16.5</a> the tests conducted manually did not uncover any problem. However, after going to production, some users saw a blank page after login and had to manually type the URL of the project they wanted to see in the browser. The person in charge of the upgrade never had to diagnose Gitea problem and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">reached out in the Gitea forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: explain the problem in a public forum as early as possible to get help from the community +</blockquote> +In their post in the forum they explained how they attempted to diagnose the problem and how why they thought that only users created a few years ago were impacted. It was a detailed analysis that was concluded with a partial copy of the logs. It was unfortunately missing <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">key information</a> that was provided only three days later. In the meantime, as they could not figure out the source of the problem, they were on the verge of <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/11">accepting the loss of all the Gitea database</a> and start over from the repositories. However, once all the details were available, <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">a workaround</a> was suggested in the forum. +<blockquote> +Tip: focus more on providing detailed facts than exposing the attempted diagnostic +</blockquote> +There was hope to fix Gitea and in the following days they applied the workaround. They also tried to improve it but without success and eventually accepted a partial data loss as inevitable and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">reported their success back to the forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: when getting support from the community, providing feedback is the best token of appreciation +</blockquote> +<h1 id="getting-professional-help">Getting professional help<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-professional-help" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-professional-help" + >#</a +> +</h1> +The <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">Gna! Clinic</a> is a collective of individual and companies that provides professional services to Gitea admins. They are active members of the Gitea community who <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/u/dachary/activity">help out</a> as volunteers. They can also be hired to resolve the more complicated cases. +The Gitea instance that was in trouble required more than a few minutes of work and access to the database content for a proper diagnostic. They <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">proposed their assistance</a> but although <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/user-research-about-gitea-upgrade-experiences-call-for-volunteers/5063/2">well received</a>, it was not accepted. +When the Gitea admin explained how they chose to resolve the problem <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">on the forum</a>, it confirmed the workaround was viable and the root problem was identified. That was enough to figure out a fix for the underlying bug with <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a rather simple patch</a> that was merged <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">and backported</a> in the following days. But it happened too late to avoid the data loss. +To summarize with a timeline, here is what happened: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login and a the Gitea admin tries to diagnose the problem</li> +<li>J+2: A message is sent to ask for help in the community</li> +<li>J+2 to J+6: Three people in the community suggest ideas but the Gitea admin cannot figure out the root cause and is on the verge of accepting the loss of all Gitea data and restart from the git repositories</li> +<li>J+6: A workaround is suggested by the community</li> +<li>J+7 to J+17: The Gitea admin applies the workaround and only looses part of the Gitea data</li> +</ul> +And in retrospect, here is what could have happened instead: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login</li> +<li>J+1: The Gitea admin <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">reaches out to someone at the Gna! Clinic</a></li> +<li>J+2: The <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">logs of the Gitea instance</a> are analyzed, the root cause diagnosed and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a patch</a> is created to fix it.</li> +<li>J+3: If necessary a Gitea binary is created with the patch and used as a temporary replacement until the next point release is published with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">the backport</a>. The Gitea admin runs the patched Gitea binary in the meantime. There is no data loss.</li> +</ul> +It does not mean all upgrade problems can be resolved so easily. But it shows, with an example, that in some cases it makes sense to get professional help. + + + + Introducing Gna! + 2022-04-22T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-04-22T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/ + Introducing <a href="https://gna.org">Hostea</a>, a project <a href="https://dachary.org">Loïc +Dachary</a> and <a href="https://batsense.net">Aravinth +Manivannan</a> are working on to create a full Free +software development suite based on +<a href="https://gitea.io">Gitea</a> for the forge, <a href="https://woodpecker-ci.org">Woodpecker +CI</a> for CI/CD, +<a href="https://github.com/realaravinth/pages">Pages</a> for static sites and +<a href="https://gitpad.org">GitPad</a> for gists. +This talk introduces the projects goals and philosophy behind the +project. +Please see +<a href="https://forum.forgefriends.org/t/forgefriends-monthly-update-april-22st-2022-5pm-6pm-utc-2/673">here</a> +to learn more about the event. +<h2 id="details">Details<a class="zola-anchor" href="#details" aria-label="Anchor link for: details" + >#</a +> +</h2> +<ul> +<li>organised by: <a href="https://forgefriends.org">forgefriends.org</a></li> +<li>date: 2022th April, 2022</li> +<li>venue: Online</li> +</ul> +<h2 id="resources">Resources<a class="zola-anchor" href="#resources" aria-label="Anchor link for: resources" + >#</a +> +</h2> +<ul> +<li><a href="./slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.odp">slides(ODP)</a></li> +<li><a href="./slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.pdf">slides(PDF)</a></li> +</ul> + + + + Project plans for a hosted Gitea online service + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/ + This post was originally published on <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/02/16/project-plans-for-a-hosted-gitea-online-service/">Loïc Dachary's +blog</a>. +<hr /> +When an organization asks me about Gitea, I would like to direct them to +a provider where they can rent an instance and just use it, in the same +way they can go to https://discourse.org for a forum, or +https://nextcloud.com for storage. Instead of waiting for that to +happen, <a href="https://batsense.net/about/">Aravinth</a> and +<a href="https://dachary.org/">myself</a> decided to do something about it, in a +way that is in line with our shared values: transparency and Free +Software. +After doing some research we found counter examples that showed the +pitfalls to avoid. GitLab because its business model heavily relies on +selling proprietary licenses. CiviCRM because setting it up is complex +and requires training: users can't figure it out on their own. Gitea +images provided by Digital Ocean because they do not include security +upgrades. MySQL configured and run by AWS because of the vendor lock-in +that makes it impossible to self-host. +We concluded that an online service such as Gitea can be hosted in a +sustainable way as long as: +<ul> +<li>It is well maintained and upgrades itself</li> +<li>It can be self-hosted</li> +<li>The service can automatically be restored from backups when the +underlying resources fail</li> +</ul> +GitHub and GitLab make it look like there is a market around software +forges. It is however impossible to figure out if this market exists +only because it is based on proprietary software. How many of these +customers would pay for a Free Software hosted Gitea instance? +Even if these customers do exist, a new service provider would have to +figure out how to convince them to subscribe. The technical development +of the service can be done within weeks but building a sustainable +business takes much longer. Again, there were examples of what can go +wrong, for instance ElasticSearch. After years of work developing a +successful online service and a customer base, AWS entered the +competition and started to take it away from them. +The sustainability of the Free Software ecosystem is a new and very +difficult problem to solve. It is discussed more than it ever was in the +wake of security breaches originating from widely used and yet abandoned +library or disillusioned Free Software authors self-sabotaging their +next release, and everyone has diverging opinions. It falls on each Free +Software author to spend time to think about their own projects because +there are no handbook or good examples to follow. That is what Aravinth +and myself did to find a semblance of clarity and decide how to go about +this hosted Gitea service idea. +<h1 id="sustaining-free-software-online-services">Sustaining Free Software online services<a class="zola-anchor" href="#sustaining-free-software-online-services" aria-label="Anchor link for: sustaining-free-software-online-services" + >#</a +> +</h1> +<h2 id="more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services">More mature online services mean less opportunities to sell services<a class="zola-anchor" href="#more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services" aria-label="Anchor link for: more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services" + >#</a +> +</h2> +Ideally the software running an online service is rock solid and bugs +are so rare that it can run unattended. This is true of +https://wordpress.org and it is not uncommon for an instance to run for +years while upgrading themselves to get security patches. The cost of +maintaining such a service is negligible and hosting companies can offer +it for free to their customers. They make their profit by renting the +machines on which the service runs. +When the software is not as mature, it is more expensive to run. Bugs +need fixing, upgrades require manual intervention, users must be trained +to overcome the complexity of the user experience, etc. Well known +examples are Discourse or CiviCRM for which companies sell services to +overcome these issues. +But when an organization is both the author of the software and the +provider of paid services to compensate for its lack of maturity, it +creates a conflict of interest. Should they focus their effort on making +the software more mature, they would harm a business model that is based +on this very lack of maturity. For instance, if the author of a software +also sells training courses, they are not motivated to solve user +experience issues. If they did, it would lower the need for training +courses and reduce their income. +<h2 id="free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability">Free Software online services in the wake of the sustainability<a class="zola-anchor" href="#free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability" aria-label="Anchor link for: free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability" + >#</a +> +</h2> +crisis +Nowadays all Free Software authors struggle to get enough resources to +produce a steady stream of releases, even when the project is very +popular. This sustainability problem is getting more and more attention +as the number of Free Software projects in use world wide keeps growing. +Even the simplest online service relies on thousands of Free Software +projects, each of which needs work to keep going. Accidents caused by +poorly maintained Free Software projects become more frequent. +This Free Software sustainability crisis is barely emerging and very +much resembles ecological problems such as climate change. In both cases +it is very difficult to figure out how to properly care for the +resources that are consumed. After decades of advocacy, it is generally +accepted that fossil energy won't last forever but there still is a long +way to go. It will also take a long time for the Free Software community +to answer this simple question: how to sustain an ever growing library +of Free Software? +Luckily, it is relatively simpler to solve that problem for an online +service because it has users. They can be reminded that their assistance +is needed to keep the project afloat, for instance by a donation. A +proposition that would be much more difficult to make for the author of +a cryptographic library. Convincing users to pay for an online service +has the best chance of success when the author of the software is also +the service provider. This is the business model of Discourse and +Weblate, but it is relatively fragile because nothing stands in the way +of the competition. +A few years ago ElasticSearch successfully developed an online service +offering. But when AWS entered the competition and was better at +marketing it, ElasticSearch quickly realized they would likely go out of +business. They tried to fight back by <a href="https://www.elastic.co/blog/licensing-change">changing their +license</a>, which was the +wrong answer to a real problem. Discourse or Weblate are also likely to +face competition from hosting companies in the future and they may not +survive it. +In the end, the durable source of income for a Free Software online +service is to rent the resources (CPU/RAM/network/disk) it needs to run. +In other words only hosting companies can make a profit when running +such an online service. And for that reason they also need to share part +of the profits to ensure the sustainability of the Free Software service +their customers need. +<h1 id="online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software">Online services vendor lock-in is cured by Free Software<a class="zola-anchor" href="#online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software" aria-label="Anchor link for: online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software" + >#</a +> +</h1> +When hosting companies offer online services they also provide upgrades +and transparent recovery when the hardware fails. But none of them allow +the service to be self-hosted. When their price policy change, or when +the term of services ban users from a given country, migrating the +service elsewhere it costly and difficult. For instance when AWS runs +MySQL for their customers, they allow to download the data but not the +software that runs the proprietary AWS interface used to configure and +control the server. Another example is GitHub where the content of the +git repository can be downloaded but the code that runs GitHub itself is +not Free Software. +If a customer cannot run the same software as their service provider, +they are locked-in, even if they can download their data. It is a common +misconception to think that there is no vendor lock-in as long as it is +possible to download the data in an standard format. Migrating the data +from one software to another is, more often than not, time consuming and +costly to a point that it is effectively a blocker. A GitHub salesperson +would argue that it is possible for people to run GitHub Enterprise on +their own hardware. But the vendor lock-in is still present via the +proprietary license contract. The user experience, maintenance and +upgrades are still exclusively controlled by GitHub. +To guarantee their independence, the customers of an online service need +to be able to: +<ul> +<li>Download their data</li> +<li>Run the exact same Free Software as their service provider</li> +<li>Run the exact same Free Software infrastructure as code as their +service provider</li> +</ul> +The requirement regarding Free Software infrastructure as code refers +to, for instance, the AWS control panel and all that is behind it when +creating a new MySQL service. It includes whatever a competitor would +need to run the same online service. An example would be +https://enough.community, an infrastructure as code dedicated to +creating the services needed by whistleblowers and human rights +defenders. It consumes resources rented by hosting providers, assembles +disks and machines, setup monitoring and intrusion detection, installs +various online services and upgrades them. +The availability of the software that creates the infrastructure is not +only useful to the competitors of a service provider. It also benefits a +non-profit that wants to provide (for instance) Wordpress instances to +its members. Without it they would need to create something from scratch +using building blocks such as CiviCRM. Even though such building blocks +exist, this is a significant undertaking and effectively a blocker. +<h1 id="federated-online-services-and-durability">Federated online services and durability<a class="zola-anchor" href="#federated-online-services-and-durability" aria-label="Anchor link for: federated-online-services-and-durability" + >#</a +> +</h1> +All self-hosted services are in danger of losing the data they contain. +When a Wordpress service is hosted in a home and the machine dies, it +must be restored from backups... when there are backups. Hosting +companies ensure the durability of the data with their own backup +system. It creates a dilemma for people who are looking into self +hosting: independence is desirable, but is it worth taking the risk of +data loss? +Federated online services do not suffer from this problem, because they +can mirror each other. A Gitea instance that is federated with another +will mirror copies of software projects found on its peers. Should one +instance be destroyed, mirrored projects can be resurrected from the +federated instance. Not only is it a practical way to ensure the (rare) +failure of an entire datacenter, it also helps with the (more frequent) +destruction of self-hosted machines. Contrary to backups that require +special attention, the replication involved in federated online service +is built in and works continuously. There is no need for an extra backup +service that is very rarely used and therefore likely to fail when +needed. +Federated services are not yet mainstream and Gitea is one of the rare +services that started to implement the concept. In the interim, +customers of an online hosting service will need to worry about backups +to ensure the durability of their data. But the ultimate solution for +them won't be the emergence of an ideal backup infrastructure, it will +be replication (via federated services) that will continuously ensure +the durability of their data. +<h1 id="paths-forward">Paths forward<a class="zola-anchor" href="#paths-forward" aria-label="Anchor link for: paths-forward" + >#</a +> +</h1> +The Gitea project itself, following the footsteps of Discourse or +Weblate, could provide a hosting service. Part of its current user base +may become customers and there does not seem to be any blocker to make +that happen. As with most successful Free Software project, people +working on Gitea daily are already very busy and cannot engage in such a +long term project. But Aravinth and myself can, if they will have us. +Another path forward would be to wrap Gitea into a bundle that existing +hosting companies could easily use to provide such a service to their +customers. The biggest hosting companies are unlikely to be interested: +if Digital Ocean was to provide upgrades on top of their existing Gitea +image, they are more likely to rely on their internal staff to implement +that from scratch, as proprietary software integrated into their +existing infrastructure. But smaller hosting companies such as +https://Octopuce.fr or https://Easter-Eggs.com, who already deploy Gitea +instances for their customers, would use it if, for instance, it helped +with the upgrades. They would then kindly be reminded to give back a +share of their profits in order to sustain the development of the +service they deploy. +Finally it would also be possible to follow the example of GitLab in the +early days (before it turned to proprietary software) or Codeberg and +offer a free shared forge hosting service to build a user base. After a +few years, a percentage of the user base would convert to being paid +customers or donors to sustain the activity and part of the income would +be used to sustain the development of the service. + + + diff --git a/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/index.html b/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0673a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,357 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + [solved] blank or error 500 page after login | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

[solved] blank or error 500 page after login

+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 8 + May + +, + 2022 · 6 min read +

+ + +

The instructions to upgrade a Gitea instance only require three to four steps. They work fine most of the time but the documentation is lacking a "Troubleshooting" section to help out when something goes wrong. Maintaining instructions on how to diagnose and fix upgrade problems is an ambitious undertaking and requires updates every time a new case is discovered.

An inventory of the known upgrade issues was started to figure out how to structure such a section in the documentation. The release notes were analyzed all the way back to Gitea 1.9.6 and the work is still in progress. Here is a sample of the tips that will be included:

Upgrade directly to the latest Gitea version, there is no need to upgrade to intermediate versions.
If the upgrade from version x.y to version x.y+2 fails and there is a need to narrow down the problem, try upgrading to the latest minor version of each major version and verify it works.
etc.

However, even with the best documentation, someone will eventually run into an new problem and fixing it without compromising the integrity of the data will be challenging. This is best demonstrated by a real world example that was concluded a few days ago.

Getting help from the community# +

After upgrading a Gitea intsance from 1.9.6 to 1.16.5 the tests conducted manually did not uncover any problem. However, after going to production, some users saw a blank page after login and had to manually type the URL of the project they wanted to see in the browser. The person in charge of the upgrade never had to diagnose Gitea problem and reached out in the Gitea forum.

+
Tip: explain the problem in a public forum as early as possible to get help from the community
+

In their post in the forum they explained how they attempted to diagnose the problem and how why they thought that only users created a few years ago were impacted. It was a detailed analysis that was concluded with a partial copy of the logs. It was unfortunately missing key information that was provided only three days later. In the meantime, as they could not figure out the source of the problem, they were on the verge of accepting the loss of all the Gitea database and start over from the repositories. However, once all the details were available, a workaround was suggested in the forum.

+
Tip: focus more on providing detailed facts than exposing the attempted diagnostic
+

There was hope to fix Gitea and in the following days they applied the workaround. They also tried to improve it but without success and eventually accepted a partial data loss as inevitable and reported their success back to the forum.

+
Tip: when getting support from the community, providing feedback is the best token of appreciation
+

Getting professional help# +

The Gna! Clinic is a collective of individual and companies that provides professional services to Gitea admins. They are active members of the Gitea community who help out as volunteers. They can also be hired to resolve the more complicated cases.

The Gitea instance that was in trouble required more than a few minutes of work and access to the database content for a proper diagnostic. They proposed their assistance but although well received, it was not accepted.

When the Gitea admin explained how they chose to resolve the problem on the forum, it confirmed the workaround was viable and the root problem was identified. That was enough to figure out a fix for the underlying bug with a rather simple patch that was merged and backported in the following days. But it happened too late to avoid the data loss.

To summarize with a timeline, here is what happened:

J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login and a the Gitea admin tries to diagnose the problem
J+2: A message is sent to ask for help in the community
J+2 to J+6: Three people in the community suggest ideas but the Gitea admin cannot figure out the root cause and is on the verge of accepting the loss of all Gitea data and restart from the git repositories
J+6: A workaround is suggested by the community
J+7 to J+17: The Gitea admin applies the workaround and only looses part of the Gitea data

And in retrospect, here is what could have happened instead:

J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login
J+1: The Gitea admin reaches out to someone at the Gna! Clinic
J+2: The logs of the Gitea instance are analyzed, the root cause diagnosed and a patch is created to fix it.
J+3: If necessary a Gitea binary is created with the patch and used as a temporary replacement until the next point release is published with the backport. The Gitea admin runs the patched Gitea binary in the meantime. There is no data loss.

It does not mean all upgrade problems can be resolved so easily. But it shows, with an example, that in some cases it makes sense to get professional help.

+ +

+
+
+

+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #upgrade + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/blog/experimental/index.html b/blog/experimental/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e45d12 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/experimental/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,339 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Get a Gitea instance with CI at Gna! | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

Get a Gitea instance with CI at Gna!

+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 10 + July + +, + 2022 · 5 min read +

+ + +

Hosting a Gitea instance on Gna! is now possible (but still experimental). It is meant to be a minimum viable product: anyone can create a new dedicated Gitea instance within minutes and pay for it on a monthly basis with a credit card. It includes a dedicated CI based on Woodpecker. The smallest instance costs 10€ per month (2GB RAM, 10GB disk, 1CPU) and will be a good fit for a freelance up to a team of five people but bigger instances are also available if more RAM, CPU or disk is required.

The service is 100% infrastructure as code, published as Ansible playbooks within Enough. It can be self-hosted on bare metal (with libvirt) or in the cloud (with OpenStack): follow the quick start, configure playbooks for hostea and the dashboard.

The organization supporting Gna! is a horizontal collective of individuals and organizations. The revenue sharing model is set to dedicate 25% of the income (more than the profits) to help the Free Software projects Hostea depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc.

The origin# +

In February 2022 the project of running a dedicated Gitea hosting service was proposed to the Gitea project and other organizations and plans were drafted. After a month of discussions it turned out to not be a good match for any of them.

It was suggested to create a new project from scratch instead of joining an existing organization. However, in order to be sustainable, a hosting service needs customers willing to pay for the service. And nobody had that kind of skill. It was therefore decided that to terminate the project: there is no point is creating a technical stack that's not going to be used by anyone.

A technical stack with no users# +

The most common mistake technical people do when creating a new piece of software is to overlook the fact that they have absolutely no idea how to let their intended user base know about it. Maybe the reason it happens so often is because it is very difficult to resist the urge of creating something. Because that's what technical people love to do: create things, even when they have no clue if it can be used.

It took no longer than two weeks for the people involved in Gna! to decide to build the technical stack to run hostea instead of being reasonable and give up. It was just too tempting.

To keep the madness contained and enjoyable, it was decided to set a deadline to July 1st and to define precise and realistic technical goals. It turned out to be an enjoyable experience: everyone learned a lot in the process and the outcome is something that can be reproduced. Most MVPs are a brittle pile of hacks designed to last a few weeks and be thrown away. But since a primary goal of the project was to create something self-hostable, it had to implement that feature and therefore be reproducible.

+ +

Another goal of Gna! is to deploy federated forges, even at an experimental stage. Instead of creating a centralized organization to support Hostea, it was decided to create horizontal collective. It feels like a contradiction for a project committed to decentralization to be governed by a centralized organization.

The collective is composed of individuals and organizations but, unlike exclusively volunteer based Free Software projects, it is for profit. Customers rent Gitea instances by the month and the income is used to pay for expenses. There is however a difficulty: by nature a horizontal collective cannot be incorporated as it would create a level of hierarchy. The revenue sharing model had to be set as an informal agreement between members where one of them receives the income and distributes it to the others, depending on their Gna! related expenses.

It also requires that 25% of the income (not the profits) is dedicated to help the Free Software projects that Gna! depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. It can be via a donation, by upstreaming a bug fix or any kind of work that is beneficial to the dependency.

Dedicated to forge federation# +

In the spirit of dogfooding, the people who created the technical stack of Gna! will use it for themselves on a daily basis. Since the focus of the authors is on forge federation, they will add federation support in Hostea. This will be their primary motivation to improve and maintain Hostea: it is the only hosting platform where this can happen.

+ +

+
+
+

+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #federation + + #forgefriends + +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/index.html b/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b2672a --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,428 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + [tutorial] A gentle introduction to the gitea doctor | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

[tutorial] A gentle introduction to the gitea doctor

+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 14 + June + +, + 2022 · 7 min read +

+ + +

While helping people with their upgrades in the Gitea forum or at the Gna! clinic, I realized that few Gitea admins know about the gitea doctor command and decided to write this blog post as a gentle introduction.

An apple a day keeps the doctor away# +

Or in our case, Gitea versions below 1.11.5. Since then, the gitea doctor is available and is designed to run against a specific Gitea version. It would not be a good idea to try to run the doctor from Gitea 1.16 to verify the sanity of a Gitea 1.2 instance: it will be confused by how the database is organized and a number of other details. Historical fun fact: the gitea doctor was backported to Gitea 1.10.5 and Gitea 1.10.6 and may be of help if you run this particular version and are facing the problem that motivated the backport.

With each version gitea doctor improves and gains new capabilities. For instance, in Gitea 1.17 it becomes aware of orphaned pull requests and is able to fix them. If such a problem exists in Gitea 1.16, it does not know about it.

Calling the doctor# +

In the following, examples are based on a Gitea 1.16.8 instance you can run as follows:

$ docker run --name gitea -p 3000:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless
+$ docker exec gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com
+$ docker exec gitea mkdir /var/lib/gitea/data/log
+

And then you can go to the web interface to create a test repository, with an initial README.md file. When this is done the doctor can be called as follows:

$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --all
+[1] Check paths and basic configuration
+ - [I] Configuration File Path:    "/etc/gitea/app.ini"
+ - [I] Repository Root Path:       "/var/lib/gitea/git/repositories"
+ - [I] Data Root Path:             "/var/lib/gitea"
+ - [I] Custom File Root Path:      "/var/lib/gitea/custom"
+ - [I] Work directory:             "/var/lib/gitea"
+ - [I] Log Root Path:              "/var/lib/gitea/data/log"
+OK
+[2] Check if there is garbage storage files
+OK
+[3] Check Database Version
+OK
+[4] Check consistency of database
+OK
+[5] Check if user with wrong type exist
+OK
+[6] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date
+OK
+[7] Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available
+ - [I] ScriptType bash is on the current PATH at /bin/bash
+OK
+[8] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable
+OK
+[9] Recalculate Stars number for all user
+OK
+[10] Check old archives
+ - [I] 0 old archives in repository need to be deleted
+OK
+[11] Enable push options
+ - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates.
+OK
+[12] Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961)
+ - [W] Found 0 broken repo_units
+OK
+[13] Recalculate merge bases
+ - [W] 0 PRs with incorrect mergebases of 0 PRs total in 1 repos
+OK
+[14] Check git-daemon-export-ok files
+ - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates.
+

What does the doctor know?# +

Although the doctor can be compared to fsck(8), it does not know everything. It took decades for fsck to become the ultimate authority on finding problems on file systems and reliably fixing them without losing data. Nowadays, only a handful of people in the world are brave enough to manually attempt a file system recovery when fsck cannot recover from a data loss.

The first doctor version is two years old and Gitea admins are still routinely running SQL queries against the database or moving files around when trying to figure out why a Gitea instance is not behaving as it should. It is however worth checking if the doctor does not already have a solution by listing all it can do:

$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --list
+Default	Name				Title
+*	paths				Check paths and basic configuration
+	storages			Check if there is garbage storage files
+*	check-db-version		Check Database Version
+	check-db-consistency		Check consistency of database
+*	check-user-type			Check if user with wrong type exist
+*	authorized-keys			Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date
+	script-type			Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available
+	hooks				Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable
+	recalculate-stars-number	Recalculate Stars number for all user
+	check-old-archives		Check old archives
+	enable-push-options		Enable push options
+	fix-broken-repo-units		Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961)
+	recalculate-merge-bases		Recalculate merge bases
+	check-git-daemon-export-ok	Check git-daemon-export-ok files
+

And then call the check that looks interesting:

$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run authorized-keys
+[1] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date
+OK
+

The challenge is to figure out which check does what and at the moment the best source of information is ... the sources themselves. The doctor.go command is the entry point and the doctor directory contains the rest.

Some checks are straightforward to understand, even if you do not know Go, such as the authorized-keys check. Others are much more involved and your best chance is to ask the Gitea chatroom for help.

Is it going to hurt?# +

By default the doctor (very much like fsck -N) only performs non destructive checks and displays diagnostics, with an indication of how serious the problem is. In the example above, there only are lines with [I] (which indicates an information) and [W] which indicates a warning that can be ignored but may be worth looking into. Those two warnings are actually just informational and should be labelled as [I], which has been fixed in a more recent version of the doctor.

Now let's do something bad: remove the permissions from a hook in our repository:

$ docker exec gitea chmod -x /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive
+

Run the doctor with the check supposed to find that out:

$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks
+[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable
+ - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable
+

Ask it to fix this with the --fix flag:

$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks --fix
+[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable
+ - [W] Regenerated hooks for root/test
+ - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable
+

And run it one last time to check all is well:

$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks
+[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable
+OK
+

Even when the doctor is unable to fix a problem, it can help by showing extensive debug output which can be found, by default, in the doctor.log file in the directory from which it runs. Or it can be displayed on the standard output with --log-file -, which is most convenient when running in docker.

Going further# +

If that was helpful to you, I would very much appreciate if you send me a message on Mastodon. It will encourage me to write more blog posts to share what I learn about Gitea. Even better: you could send a pull request to improve the doctor and help it mature.

+ +

+
+
+

+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + + #tutorial + +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/blog/index.html b/blog/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d2f69b --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,675 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Posts | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

Posts

+ +

Gna! is a Clinic to get help when a Gitea instance throws errors after an upgrade and the admin is not sure how to troubleshoot the problem. It opened in May 2022 and welcomes new patients. It will also provide dedicated Gitea hosting, including CI and more: subscribe to the blog or the Mastodon account to keep up to date.

+ +

+ +
1.17 breaking changes episode 2: preserving a custom gitconfig
+
+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 20 + July + +, + 2022 · 2 min read +
+ + +
The location of the gitconfig file used by Gitea moved twice, here is a guide to sort out why and how to deal with it.
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + + #tutorial + +
+
+ +
Get a Gitea instance with CI at Gna!
+
+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 10 + July + +, + 2022 · 5 min read +
+ + +
It is now possible to rent a Gitea instance by the month, with Woodpecker CI. A self-hostable hosting solution supported by a horizontal collective of individuals and organizations. 25% of the income is dedicated to help the Free Software projects it depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django, etc.
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #federation + + #forgefriends + +
+
+ +
1.17 breaking changes episode 1: preserving a custom gitconfig
+
+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 22 + June + +, + 2022 · 2 min read +
+ + +
The location of the gitconfig file used by Gitea moved and custom modifications must be manually moved as well.
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + + #tutorial + +
+
+ +
[tutorial] A gentle introduction to the gitea doctor
+
+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 14 + June + +, + 2022 · 7 min read +
+ + +
The doctor command is useful to check the health of a running Gitea instance. Specially after performing an upgrade.
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + + #tutorial + +
+
+ +
[solved] Zombies created by Gitea
+
+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 4 + June + +, + 2022 · 3 min read +
+ + +
Gitea can use process groups to kill its children using a negative PID to never create zombies.
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + +
+
+ +
[diagnostic] Zombies created by Gitea
+
+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 2 + June + +, + 2022 · 4 min read +
+ + +
An increasing number of zombies processes are created by Gitea because it only kills its direct children on timeout.
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + +
+
+ +
[solved] Gitea 1.15 and up: path not found or permission denied
+
+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 28 + May + +, + 2022 · 3 min read +
+ + +
After migrating from 1.15 or earlier to gitea 1.16 paths are no longer found and files cannot be created because of permission problems because the default example.ini file changed.
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #upgrade + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + +
+
+ +
[solved] Gitea 1.16.[678] error: fatal: unsafe repository is owned by someone else
+
+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 15 + May + +, + 2022 · 4 min read +
+ + +
If Gitea runs as user git, calls a patched Git version and a parent directory of the git repositories is owned by a user other than git, it will fail.
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #upgrade + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + +
+
+ +
[solved] blank or error 500 page after login
+
+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 8 + May + +, + 2022 · 6 min read +
+ + +
After going to production, some Gitea users saw a blank page after login and had to manually type the URL of the project they wanted to see in the browser.
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #upgrade + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + +
+
+ +
Introducing Gna!
+
+ + + + + + Aravinth Manivannan + + + · 22 + April + +, + 2022 · 1 min read +
+ + +
Introducing Hostea, a project Loïc Dachary and Aravinth Manivannan are working on to create a 100% Free software development suite, complete with CI/CD, static pages and gists
+ +
+ + #hostea + + #forgefriends + +
+
+ +
Project plans for a hosted Gitea online service
+
+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 18 + April + +, + 2022 · 11 min read +
+ + +
When an organization asks me about Gitea, I would like to direct them to a provider where they can rent an instance and just use it
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #free-software + + #free-software-sustainability + +
+

+ + + + +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/blog/main.css b/blog/main.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa6f94c --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/main.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.blog__content img{max-width:100%;display:block}.blog__content video{max-width:100%;display:block}.blog__content li{margin-left:40px}.blog__content a:hover{color:#0056b3;text-decoration:underline}.blog__content code{word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word}.blog__content table{border-collapse:collapse;caption-side:bottom;border-color:#e9ecef;text-align:center;width:100%}.blog__content table>thead{vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #cdc8ca;text-align:center}.blog__content table th{text-align:center}.blog__content table td{margin:auto;padding:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #edddd1}.blog__content p,.blog__content h2,.blog__content h3{margin:10px 0}.blog__content pre{padding:10px 10px 10px 20px;border-radius:8px;font-size:0.95rem;overflow:auto}.blog__content pre{font-family:monospace, monospace;font-display:auto;font-size:1em}.blog__content p{margin:30px 0}.blog__container{margin:auto;max-width:50%}.blog__list{list-style:none}.blog__post-link,.blog__post-link:visited{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}.blog__title{margin:35px 0}.blog__post-link{display:block}.blog__post-item{border-bottom:1px dashed #333;margin:10px;padding:10px}.blog__post-item:hover{background-color:lightgray}.blog__post-item:last-child{border-bottom:none}.blog__post-description{font-size:0.9rem;margin:5px 0}.blog__post-tag{font-size:0.7rem;font-family:monospace, monospace}.blog__post-tag:hover{color:#0056b3;text-decoration:underline}.blog__post-meta{font-size:0.7rem}.blog__post-title{font-size:1.4rem;font-weight:550}.blog__post-tag-container{margin:0} diff --git a/blog/mobile.css b/blog/mobile.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1990f09 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/mobile.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.blog__container{max-width:95%}.blog__content table{overflow-x:scroll}.blog__content table td{padding:5px}.blog__content pre{white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word}.blog__content li{margin-left:25px}.blog__content p,.blog__content h1,.blog__content h2,.blog__content h3{margin:20px 0px} diff --git a/blog/path-not-found/index.html b/blog/path-not-found/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2b45e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/path-not-found/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,326 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.15 and up: path not found or permission denied | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

[solved] Gitea 1.15 and up: path not found or permission denied

+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 28 + May + +, + 2022 · 3 min read +

+ + +

In Gitea 1.15 the app.example.ini file was changed to comment out most of the values. The assumption was that all values exactly matched the defaults in the source code. However, there are differences, for instance for APP_DATA_PATH. Before Gitea 1.15, app.example.ini contained:

APP_DATA_PATH = data
+

and the path was relative to the directory from which the Gitea server was running. In Gitea 1.15 up to 1.16, it was commented out:

; APP_DATA_PATH = data
+

and the path was relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the GITEA_WORK_DIR environment variable.

When a distribution such as voidlinux uses app.example.ini as a base for the Gitea package, this change indirectly creates a regression and an upgrade of Gitea fails with errors such as unable to open level db at data/data/queues/common: mkdir data: permission denied. The regression did not show as soon as Gitea 1.15 became available in voidlinux because the package explicitly set APP_DATA_PATH. But this changed when Gitea 1.15.6 was packaged and once the value was commented out, upgrading triggered the problem. This was worked around six month later with the Gitea 1.16.8 package.

The APP_DATA_PATH directory is not the only one, the [log] ROOT_PATH is another example. There is an ongoing effort to improve the situation in Gitea 1.17. With the downside of introducing breaking changes that will have an impact on all Gitea installations because the content of the app.ini file will be interpreted differently. In the case of APP_DATA_PATH, both:

APP_DATA_PATH = data
+

and:

; APP_DATA_PATH = data
+

will be interpreted to be relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the GITEA_WORK_DIR environment variable. Every Gitea installation using APP_DATA_PATH = data will need to update the value to be an absolute path such as /var/lib/gitea/data so that it keeps pointing to the expected directory.

In order to prepare for the change or ensure the consistency of all path, there fortunately is a very simple solution: always use absolute paths in the app.ini configuration file.

+ +

+
+
+

+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #upgrade + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/index.html b/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c6ad0b --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,529 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Project plans for a hosted Gitea online service | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

Project plans for a hosted Gitea online service

+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 18 + April + +, + 2022 · 11 min read +

+ + +

This post was originally published on Loïc Dachary's +blog.

When an organization asks me about Gitea, I would like to direct them to +a provider where they can rent an instance and just use it, in the same +way they can go to https://discourse.org for a forum, or +https://nextcloud.com for storage. Instead of waiting for that to +happen, Aravinth and +myself decided to do something about it, in a +way that is in line with our shared values: transparency and Free +Software.

After doing some research we found counter examples that showed the +pitfalls to avoid. GitLab because its business model heavily relies on +selling proprietary licenses. CiviCRM because setting it up is complex +and requires training: users can't figure it out on their own. Gitea +images provided by Digital Ocean because they do not include security +upgrades. MySQL configured and run by AWS because of the vendor lock-in +that makes it impossible to self-host.

We concluded that an online service such as Gitea can be hosted in a +sustainable way as long as:

It is well maintained and upgrades itself
It can be self-hosted
The service can automatically be restored from backups when the +underlying resources fail

GitHub and GitLab make it look like there is a market around software +forges. It is however impossible to figure out if this market exists +only because it is based on proprietary software. How many of these +customers would pay for a Free Software hosted Gitea instance?

Even if these customers do exist, a new service provider would have to +figure out how to convince them to subscribe. The technical development +of the service can be done within weeks but building a sustainable +business takes much longer. Again, there were examples of what can go +wrong, for instance ElasticSearch. After years of work developing a +successful online service and a customer base, AWS entered the +competition and started to take it away from them.

The sustainability of the Free Software ecosystem is a new and very +difficult problem to solve. It is discussed more than it ever was in the +wake of security breaches originating from widely used and yet abandoned +library or disillusioned Free Software authors self-sabotaging their +next release, and everyone has diverging opinions. It falls on each Free +Software author to spend time to think about their own projects because +there are no handbook or good examples to follow. That is what Aravinth +and myself did to find a semblance of clarity and decide how to go about +this hosted Gitea service idea.

Sustaining Free Software online services# +

More mature online services mean less opportunities to sell services# +

Ideally the software running an online service is rock solid and bugs +are so rare that it can run unattended. This is true of +https://wordpress.org and it is not uncommon for an instance to run for +years while upgrading themselves to get security patches. The cost of +maintaining such a service is negligible and hosting companies can offer +it for free to their customers. They make their profit by renting the +machines on which the service runs.

When the software is not as mature, it is more expensive to run. Bugs +need fixing, upgrades require manual intervention, users must be trained +to overcome the complexity of the user experience, etc. Well known +examples are Discourse or CiviCRM for which companies sell services to +overcome these issues.

But when an organization is both the author of the software and the +provider of paid services to compensate for its lack of maturity, it +creates a conflict of interest. Should they focus their effort on making +the software more mature, they would harm a business model that is based +on this very lack of maturity. For instance, if the author of a software +also sells training courses, they are not motivated to solve user +experience issues. If they did, it would lower the need for training +courses and reduce their income.

Free Software online services in the wake of the sustainability# +

crisis

Nowadays all Free Software authors struggle to get enough resources to +produce a steady stream of releases, even when the project is very +popular. This sustainability problem is getting more and more attention +as the number of Free Software projects in use world wide keeps growing. +Even the simplest online service relies on thousands of Free Software +projects, each of which needs work to keep going. Accidents caused by +poorly maintained Free Software projects become more frequent.

This Free Software sustainability crisis is barely emerging and very +much resembles ecological problems such as climate change. In both cases +it is very difficult to figure out how to properly care for the +resources that are consumed. After decades of advocacy, it is generally +accepted that fossil energy won't last forever but there still is a long +way to go. It will also take a long time for the Free Software community +to answer this simple question: how to sustain an ever growing library +of Free Software?

Luckily, it is relatively simpler to solve that problem for an online +service because it has users. They can be reminded that their assistance +is needed to keep the project afloat, for instance by a donation. A +proposition that would be much more difficult to make for the author of +a cryptographic library. Convincing users to pay for an online service +has the best chance of success when the author of the software is also +the service provider. This is the business model of Discourse and +Weblate, but it is relatively fragile because nothing stands in the way +of the competition.

A few years ago ElasticSearch successfully developed an online service +offering. But when AWS entered the competition and was better at +marketing it, ElasticSearch quickly realized they would likely go out of +business. They tried to fight back by changing their +license, which was the +wrong answer to a real problem. Discourse or Weblate are also likely to +face competition from hosting companies in the future and they may not +survive it.

In the end, the durable source of income for a Free Software online +service is to rent the resources (CPU/RAM/network/disk) it needs to run. +In other words only hosting companies can make a profit when running +such an online service. And for that reason they also need to share part +of the profits to ensure the sustainability of the Free Software service +their customers need.

Online services vendor lock-in is cured by Free Software# +

When hosting companies offer online services they also provide upgrades +and transparent recovery when the hardware fails. But none of them allow +the service to be self-hosted. When their price policy change, or when +the term of services ban users from a given country, migrating the +service elsewhere it costly and difficult. For instance when AWS runs +MySQL for their customers, they allow to download the data but not the +software that runs the proprietary AWS interface used to configure and +control the server. Another example is GitHub where the content of the +git repository can be downloaded but the code that runs GitHub itself is +not Free Software.

If a customer cannot run the same software as their service provider, +they are locked-in, even if they can download their data. It is a common +misconception to think that there is no vendor lock-in as long as it is +possible to download the data in an standard format. Migrating the data +from one software to another is, more often than not, time consuming and +costly to a point that it is effectively a blocker. A GitHub salesperson +would argue that it is possible for people to run GitHub Enterprise on +their own hardware. But the vendor lock-in is still present via the +proprietary license contract. The user experience, maintenance and +upgrades are still exclusively controlled by GitHub.

To guarantee their independence, the customers of an online service need +to be able to:

Download their data
Run the exact same Free Software as their service provider
Run the exact same Free Software infrastructure as code as their +service provider

The requirement regarding Free Software infrastructure as code refers +to, for instance, the AWS control panel and all that is behind it when +creating a new MySQL service. It includes whatever a competitor would +need to run the same online service. An example would be +https://enough.community, an infrastructure as code dedicated to +creating the services needed by whistleblowers and human rights +defenders. It consumes resources rented by hosting providers, assembles +disks and machines, setup monitoring and intrusion detection, installs +various online services and upgrades them.

The availability of the software that creates the infrastructure is not +only useful to the competitors of a service provider. It also benefits a +non-profit that wants to provide (for instance) Wordpress instances to +its members. Without it they would need to create something from scratch +using building blocks such as CiviCRM. Even though such building blocks +exist, this is a significant undertaking and effectively a blocker.

Federated online services and durability# +

All self-hosted services are in danger of losing the data they contain. +When a Wordpress service is hosted in a home and the machine dies, it +must be restored from backups... when there are backups. Hosting +companies ensure the durability of the data with their own backup +system. It creates a dilemma for people who are looking into self +hosting: independence is desirable, but is it worth taking the risk of +data loss?

Federated online services do not suffer from this problem, because they +can mirror each other. A Gitea instance that is federated with another +will mirror copies of software projects found on its peers. Should one +instance be destroyed, mirrored projects can be resurrected from the +federated instance. Not only is it a practical way to ensure the (rare) +failure of an entire datacenter, it also helps with the (more frequent) +destruction of self-hosted machines. Contrary to backups that require +special attention, the replication involved in federated online service +is built in and works continuously. There is no need for an extra backup +service that is very rarely used and therefore likely to fail when +needed.

Federated services are not yet mainstream and Gitea is one of the rare +services that started to implement the concept. In the interim, +customers of an online hosting service will need to worry about backups +to ensure the durability of their data. But the ultimate solution for +them won't be the emergence of an ideal backup infrastructure, it will +be replication (via federated services) that will continuously ensure +the durability of their data.

Paths forward# +

The Gitea project itself, following the footsteps of Discourse or +Weblate, could provide a hosting service. Part of its current user base +may become customers and there does not seem to be any blocker to make +that happen. As with most successful Free Software project, people +working on Gitea daily are already very busy and cannot engage in such a +long term project. But Aravinth and myself can, if they will have us.

Another path forward would be to wrap Gitea into a bundle that existing +hosting companies could easily use to provide such a service to their +customers. The biggest hosting companies are unlikely to be interested: +if Digital Ocean was to provide upgrades on top of their existing Gitea +image, they are more likely to rely on their internal staff to implement +that from scratch, as proprietary software integrated into their +existing infrastructure. But smaller hosting companies such as +https://Octopuce.fr or https://Easter-Eggs.com, who already deploy Gitea +instances for their customers, would use it if, for instance, it helped +with the upgrades. They would then kindly be reminded to give back a +share of their profits in order to sustain the development of the +service they deploy.

Finally it would also be possible to follow the example of GitLab in the +early days (before it turned to proprietary software) or Codeberg and +offer a free shared forge hosting service to build a user base. After a +few years, a percentage of the user base would convert to being paid +customers or donors to sustain the activity and part of the income would +be used to sustain the development of the service.

+ +

+
+
+

+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #free-software + + #free-software-sustainability + +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/index.html b/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a13de03 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,346 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.16.[678] error: fatal: unsafe repository is owned by someone else | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

[solved] Gitea 1.16.[678] error: fatal: unsafe repository is owned by someone else

+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 15 + May + +, + 2022 · 4 min read +

+ + +

April 12, 2022 version git v2.35.2 was released and addresses a security issue CVE-2022-24765. It was backported to 2.30.3, v2.31.2, v2.32.1, v2.33.2, and v2.34.2 and published by distributions such as Debian GNU/Linux, Alpine.

If Gitea runs as user foo, calls a patched Git version and a parent directory of the git repositories is owned by a user other than foo, it will fail with a message such as:

Failed to open repository: Git/Data Error: exit status 128 - fatal: unsafe repository ('/data/git/repositories/git/data.git' is owned by someone else)
+

This started to show in the past few weeks to users running the Gitea binary on Windows who also independently installed git v2.36. And then to people running Gitea from snap, on a Synology NAS and then people running from Gitea docker images which is based on Alpine.

Workarounds# +

If using Gitea docker images: +
- upgrade to Gitea >=1.16.9 or 1.17, both have git >=2.36
- git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'
+
If the Gitea binary was installed independently of git, upgrade git to a version that is greater or equal to 2.36 and disable the security check entirely with: +
- impersonate the user dedicated to Gitea (usually git)
- git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'
+

Bug fix# +

The bug fix is for Gitea to ensure git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*' is set on its dedicated user when it initializes. It is effective on the condition that the git CLI version is greater or equal to 2.36.

Bug fix rationale# +

It is safe to disable the security check in Gitea. It is not vulnerable to CVE-2022-24765 because it calls the git CLI after changing its working directory to be the git repository targeted by the command (for instance diff) or a temporary directory. Therefore it will not explore the parent directories looking for a git configuration file.

The security check is triggered because the repository is owned by an unexpected user (root instead of git typically) and not because a parent directory is owned by an unexpected user. This, in itself, is a problem worth investigating but it is unrelated and was revealed by the newer security check of git even though it does not match the threat described in CVE-2022-24765.

It appears non trivial to enforce a consistent ownership of files and directories, either within docker or outside docker when networked file systems are involved. The Gitea server was not troubled by this inconsistency so far because the permissions allow it to write and read where expected, regardless of the owner. It is not worth looking into but it is ancient and unrelated.

Gitea runs under a dedicated user, either when installed from binary or from docker and modifies the global git configuration depending on the git version at initialization time. Fixing the problem can therefore be done by disabling the security check in the global git config file at initialization time. It also requires a minimum version of git 2.36 to be installed, which is the case for Gitea docker images with versions >= 1.16.9.

+ +

+
+
+

+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #upgrade + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/blog/zombies-part-2/index.html b/blog/zombies-part-2/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..018a807 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/zombies-part-2/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,362 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + [solved] Zombies created by Gitea | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

[solved] Zombies created by Gitea

+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 4 + June + +, + 2022 · 3 min read +

+ + +

Gitea can create zombies, for instance if a Git mirror takes too long. When updating a mirror, Gitea relies on the git remote update command which creates a child process, git-remote-https, to fetch data from the remote repository. Gitea has an internal timeout that will kill the child process (e.g. git remote update) when it takes too long but will not kill the grandchild. This grandchild will become an orphan and run forever or until its own timeout expires, which is about two minutes on git version 2.25.

$ time git clone https://4.4.4.4
+Clonage dans '4.4.4.4'...
+fatal: impossible d'accéder à 'https://4.4.4.4/': Failed to connect to 4.4.4.4 port 443: Connexion terminée par expiration du délai d'attente
+
+real	2m9,753s
+user	0m0,001s
+sys	0m0,009s
+

As explained in the diagnostic blog post regarding Gitea zombies there fortunately is a very simple way to avoid this by making sure each Gitea child is a process group leader. That first step was introduced in Gitea 1.17 and backported to Gitea 1.16.9. The actual bug fix can now be implemented.

Using negative process id to kill children# +

When Gitea timeout on a child, it relies on os.Process.Kill which translates into a using the kill(2) system call to send a SIGKILL signal to unconditionally terminate it: kill(pid, SIGKILL). Using a negative pid with kill(-pid, SIGKILL) will also terminate all processes created by Gitea's child, without Gitea knowing when or why they were created. From the kill(2) manual page:

+
If pid is less than -1, then sig is sent to every process in the process group whose ID is -pid.
+

Which is implemented as follows in the Friendly Forge Format library:

+
syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)
+

Not using the default Go CommandContext# +

Since CommandContext does not allow to send a signal to the negative pid of the child process, it has to be implemented by Gitea itself, in a way that is similar to how the Friendly Forge Format library does it:

	ctxErr := watchCtx(ctx, cmd.Process.Pid)
+	err = cmd.Wait()
+	interruptErr := <-ctxErr
+	// If cmd.Wait returned an error, prefer that.
+	// Otherwise, report any error from the interrupt goroutine.
+	if interruptErr != nil && err == nil {
+		err = interruptErr
+	}
+

Testing the bug is fixed and stays fixed# +

Long standing bugs that are difficult to reproduce manually such as this one require robust testing to ensure that:

the diagnostic identifying the root cause is correct
the bug fix works
it does not resurface insidiously because of a subtle regression introduce years later

It is easy to implement as can be seen in the Friendly Forge Format library. In a nutshell:

git clone https://4.4.4.4 which will hang because of firewall rules
wait for the git-remote-https grandchild process to be spawned
cancel the context and wait for the goroutine to terminate
verify the git-remote-https is killed

And with that... no more zombies!

+ +

+
+
+

+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/blog/zombies/index.html b/blog/zombies/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74822d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/zombies/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,368 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + [diagnostic] Zombies created by Gitea | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

[diagnostic] Zombies created by Gitea

+ + + + Loïc Dachary + + + + + · 2 + June + +, + 2022 · 4 min read +

+ + +

The first issue about zombie processes created by Gitea was reported in 2017 and resurfaced on a regular basis. Although it does not look pretty, zombie processes are leftovers that do not consume resources and never caused any kind of harm. Here is one scenario that will create a zombie:

Gitea updates a mirror by spawning the process git remote update
git remote update spawns yet another process, git fetch
git fetch is stuck, for instance because of network problems, and Gitea eventually times out
Gitea kill the process git remote update
When killed git remote update does not kill its own child and git fetch becomes an orphaned process which keeps running
When git fetch eventually completes it becomes a zombie because its original parent is no longer around to wait on it

PID 1 process and waiting on orphans# +

This scenario is not unique to Gitea and it is such a common pattern that safeguards have been implemented to mitigate the proliferation of zombies. Orphaned process are automatically attached to the process with PID 1, which is expected to wait on every process, whether it created them or not. When Gitea is installed from binary on GNU/Linux this is /bin/init and when Gitea runs from the default docker image this is s6: they will both wait on orphaned processes and there won't be any zombies.

What if Gitea is the only running process?# +

But when Gitea runs from the rootless docker image, Gitea is the only process running in the container. Orphaned processes will have Gitea as a parent but will not wait on them and they will stay in a zombie state forever. To reproduce this problem in a minimal way:

$ docker run --name gitea -p 8080:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless
+$ docker exec --user 1000 gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com
+

The git command can then be replaced with a script that waits forever:

$ ( echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nsleep infinity' ) | docker exec -i --user root gitea tee /usr/bin/git
+$ docker exec --user root gitea chmod +x /usr/bin/git
+

Trying to create a repository from the web interface will create the conditions for a zombie to show:

$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args 
+PPID  PID   COMMAND          COMMAND
+    0     1 gitea            /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web
+    1    94 sleep            [sleep]
+    1    99 sleep            [sleep]
+    1   111 sleep            [sleep]
+    1   164 git              {git} /bin/bash /usr/bin/git -c credential.helper= -c protocol.version=2 -c uploadpack.allowfilter=true -c uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant=true init --bare
+  164   165 sleep            sleep infinity
+

When the git process is killed by Gitea, the sleep child will be orphaned:

$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args 
+PPID  PID   COMMAND          COMMAND
+    0     1 gitea            /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web
+    1    94 sleep            [sleep]
+    1    99 sleep            [sleep]
+    1   111 sleep            [sleep]
+    1   165 sleep            sleep infinity
+

Killing it will turn it into a zombie:

$ docker exec gitea kill 165
+$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args 
+PPID  PID   COMMAND          COMMAND
+    0     1 gitea            /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web
+    1    94 sleep            [sleep]
+    1    99 sleep            [sleep]
+    1   111 sleep            [sleep]
+    1   165 sleep            [sleep]
+

Killing a child process and all its children# +

There should be no need for an admin running Gitea to worry about those gory details, it should be taken care of regardless of the environment Gitea runs in. Fortunately there is a very simple way to avoid the creation of zombies by ensuring that all Gitea child process are process group leaders. In a nutshell it means that when the child is killed all its children and grand children are also killed.

+ +

+
+
+

+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #troubleshoot + + #problem + +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/browserconfig.xml b/browserconfig.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c554148 --- /dev/null +++ b/browserconfig.xml @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +#ffffff \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/coc/index.html b/coc/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20325c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/coc/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,309 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Code of Conduct | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

Code of Conduct

The Gna! collective strives to:# +

Be friendly, patient and welcoming. We strive to be a collective that welcomes and supports people of all backgrounds and identities. This includes, but is not limited to, members of any race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, colour, immigration status, social and economic class, educational level, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, age, size, family status, political belief, religion and mental and physical ability.
Be considerate. Our work will be used by other people, and we in turn will depend on the work of others. Any decision we take will affect users and colleagues, and we should take those consequences into account when making decisions. Remember that we're a world-wide community and we have a global base of users and of contributors. Even if it's not obvious at the time, our contributions to projects managed by the Gna! collective will impact the work of others.
Be respectful. Not all of us will agree all the time, but disagreement is no excuse for poor behavior and poor manners. We might all experience some frustration now and then, but we cannot allow that frustration to turn into a personal attack. It’s important to remember that a collective where people feel uncomfortable or threatened is not a productive one. Members of the collective should be respectful when dealing with other contributors as well as with people outside of the collective and with users of the projects managed by Gna!.
Collaborate openly. Collaboration is central to projects managed by Gna! and to the larger free software community. This collaboration involves individuals working within teams, cross-project collaboration within Hostea and working with other projects outside of Hostea. This collaboration reduces redundancy, and improves the quality of our work. Internally and externally, we should always be open to collaboration. Wherever possible, we should work closely with upstream and downstream projects and others in the free software community to coordinate our technical, advocacy, documentation and other work. Our work must be done transparently and we should involve as many interested parties as early as possible. If we decide to take a different approach than others, we will let them know early, document our work and inform others regularly of our progress. We do not create private forms of communication that take away transparency or exclude other contributors and collaborators.
When we disagree, try to understand why. Disagreements, both social and technical, happen all the time and Gna! is no exception. It is important that we resolve disagreements and differing views constructively. Remember that we’re different. The strength of Hostea comes from people with a wide range of backgrounds. Different people have different perspectives on issues. Being unable to understand why someone holds a viewpoint doesn’t mean that they’re wrong.
Focus on helping to resolve issues and learning from mistakes. It is important that we resolve disagreements and differing views constructively and with the help of the collective. When our goals differ dramatically, we encourage the creation of alternative implementations, so that the collective can test new ideas and contribute to the discussion.
When we are unsure, we ask for help. Nobody knows everything, and nobody is expected to be perfect in Gna!. Asking questions avoids many problems down the road, and so questions are encouraged. Those who are asked questions should be responsive and helpful. However, when asking a question, care must be taken to do so in an appropriate forum.

We take the following very seriously, and any violations may impact your ability to participate in Gna!# +

Be careful with your words and actions. Do not insult or put down other participants. Harassment and other exclusionary behavior is not acceptable and should be reported. This includes but is not limited to: +
- Violent threats or language directed against another person.
- Discriminatory jokes and language.
- Posting sexually suggestive, explicit or violent material.
- Posting (or threatening to post) other people's personally identifying information ("doxing").
- Personal insults, especially those using racist or sexist terms.
- Unwelcome sexual attention.
- Advocating for, or encouraging, any of the above behavior.
- Repeated harassment of others. In general, if someone asks you to stop, then stop.
+
Respect the decision process. Members of Gna! should not attempt to manipulate decisons based on consensus or election results. Open debate is welcome, but vote trading, ballot stuffing and other forms of abuse are not acceptable.

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/defaults.css b/defaults.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce6b6af --- /dev/null +++ b/defaults.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +*{padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Segoe UI", Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;font-family:"Segoe UI", Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif}a{text-decoration:none}a:hover,button:hover{cursor:pointer}a,a:visited{color:#0056b3}.base{min-height:100vh;display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%}.main__content-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:100%;justify-content:space-between;flex:2}p,h1,h2,h3,h4,li,ol,ul{color:#333}main{width:100%}blockquote{border-left:0.3em solid rgba(55,55,55,0.4);margin-bottom:16px;padding:0 1em;color:#707070}blockquote p,blockquote h1,blockquote h2,blockquote h3,blockquote h4,blockquote li,blockquote ol,blockquote ul{color:inherit} diff --git a/elasticlunr.min.js b/elasticlunr.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79dad65 --- /dev/null +++ b/elasticlunr.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +/** + * elasticlunr - http://weixsong.github.io + * Lightweight full-text search engine in Javascript for browser search and offline search. - 0.9.6 + * + * Copyright (C) 2017 Oliver Nightingale + * Copyright (C) 2017 Wei Song + * MIT Licensed + * @license + */ +!function(){function e(e){if(null===e||"object"!=typeof e)return e;var t=e.constructor();for(var n in e)e.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(t[n]=e[n]);return t}var t=function(e){var n=new t.Index;return n.pipeline.add(t.trimmer,t.stopWordFilter,t.stemmer),e&&e.call(n,n),n};t.version="0.9.5",lunr=t,t.utils={},t.utils.warn=function(e){return function(t){e.console&&console.warn&&console.warn(t)}}(this),t.utils.toString=function(e){return void 0===e||null===e?"":e.toString()},t.EventEmitter=function(){this.events={}},t.EventEmitter.prototype.addListener=function(){var e=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments),t=e.pop(),n=e;if("function"!=typeof t)throw new TypeError("last argument must be a function");n.forEach(function(e){this.hasHandler(e)||(this.events[e]=[]),this.events[e].push(t)},this)},t.EventEmitter.prototype.removeListener=function(e,t){if(this.hasHandler(e)){var n=this.events[e].indexOf(t);-1!==n&&(this.events[e].splice(n,1),0==this.events[e].length&&delete this.events[e])}},t.EventEmitter.prototype.emit=function(e){if(this.hasHandler(e)){var t=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);this.events[e].forEach(function(e){e.apply(void 0,t)},this)}},t.EventEmitter.prototype.hasHandler=function(e){return e in this.events},t.tokenizer=function(e){if(!arguments.length||null===e||void 0===e)return[];if(Array.isArray(e)){var n=e.filter(function(e){return null===e||void 0===e?!1:!0});n=n.map(function(e){return t.utils.toString(e).toLowerCase()});var i=[];return n.forEach(function(e){var n=e.split(t.tokenizer.seperator);i=i.concat(n)},this),i}return e.toString().trim().toLowerCase().split(t.tokenizer.seperator)},t.tokenizer.defaultSeperator=/[\s\-]+/,t.tokenizer.seperator=t.tokenizer.defaultSeperator,t.tokenizer.setSeperator=function(e){null!==e&&void 0!==e&&"object"==typeof e&&(t.tokenizer.seperator=e)},t.tokenizer.resetSeperator=function(){t.tokenizer.seperator=t.tokenizer.defaultSeperator},t.tokenizer.getSeperator=function(){return t.tokenizer.seperator},t.Pipeline=function(){this._queue=[]},t.Pipeline.registeredFunctions={},t.Pipeline.registerFunction=function(e,n){n in t.Pipeline.registeredFunctions&&t.utils.warn("Overwriting existing registered function: "+n),e.label=n,t.Pipeline.registeredFunctions[n]=e},t.Pipeline.getRegisteredFunction=function(e){return e in t.Pipeline.registeredFunctions!=!0?null:t.Pipeline.registeredFunctions[e]},t.Pipeline.warnIfFunctionNotRegistered=function(e){var n=e.label&&e.label in this.registeredFunctions;n||t.utils.warn("Function is not registered with pipeline. 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e.elements=this.toArray(),e.length=e.elements.length,e},lunr.SortedSet.prototype.union=function(e){var t,n,i;this.length>=e.length?(t=this,n=e):(t=e,n=this),i=t.clone();for(var o=0,r=n.toArray();o + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Gitea Clinic | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

Gitea Clinic

How does it work?# +

You can get help from the community on the Gna! forum or the Gitea forum: it is the best way to resolve simple issues. If you are in a hurry or the problem is serious you could:

Get in touch with the doctor of your choice
Upload your sick Gitea
Once it is repaired download it back home (or decide it deserves a permanent residence at Gna!)
Pay the doctor

How much does it cost?# +

All Gna! doctors charge a flat hourly rate for consultations held in public (sensitive information is never revealed, even if the consultation is held in public). Private consultations fees depend on the Hostea doctor.

Gna! Doctors# +

+ + + + +

+ + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Aravinth Manivannan

★★★★☆

+ +

+ Get in touch +

+ +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Easter-eggs

★★★★★

+ +

+ Get in touch +

+ +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Loïc Dachary

★★★★★

+ +

+ Get in touch +

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/gitea-clinic/main.css b/gitea-clinic/main.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b723ca1 --- /dev/null +++ b/gitea-clinic/main.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.clinic__doctors-container{display:flex}.doctor__profile_photo{width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:100px}.doctor__container{background-color:#eee;margin:10px 30px;padding:10px;height:250px;border-radius:5px;width:30%;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:space-around}.doctor__name{text-align:center;margin:0 auto !important}.doctor_rating-stars,.doctor_rating-value{margin:0 auto !important;text-align:center} diff --git a/gitea-clinic/mobile.css b/gitea-clinic/mobile.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3700d18 --- /dev/null +++ b/gitea-clinic/mobile.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.clinic__doctors-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center}.doctor__container{width:80%} diff --git a/gna-logo-rectangle-48px.png b/gna-logo-rectangle-48px.png new file mode 100644 index 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+.home__vision-container{flex-direction:column;height:auto !important;min-height:auto !important;max-height:auto !important} diff --git a/home/vision.css b/home/vision.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc3f11a --- /dev/null +++ b/home/vision.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.home__vision-container{display:flex;align-items:center;height:200px;justify-content:space-between}.home__vision-text-line{font-size:0.8rem;font-style:italic}.home__vision-intro-title{text-align:center}.home__vision-intro-tagline{font-size:0.9rem;margin:auto;display:block;text-align:center}.home__vision-aciton-btn{display:block;font-weight:400;margin:20px auto;padding:15px;border:none;background-color:black;color:#fff}.home__vision-aciton-btn:hover{background-color:lightgray}.home__vision-action-link{color:white !important}.page__container--split{width:50%;margin:auto;padding:50px 0;width:80%;height:100vh;min-height:500px;max-height:800px;max-height:1300px;height:90vh !important;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-around} diff --git a/icons/email.svg b/icons/email.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93694ff --- /dev/null +++ b/icons/email.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + diff --git a/icons/file-text.svg b/icons/file-text.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4197ddd --- /dev/null +++ b/icons/file-text.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/icons/github.svg b/icons/github.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a1c5967 --- /dev/null +++ b/icons/github.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + diff --git a/icons/matrix.svg b/icons/matrix.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f37073d --- /dev/null +++ b/icons/matrix.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + diff --git a/icons/rss.svg b/icons/rss.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9a1368 --- /dev/null +++ b/icons/rss.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.html b/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8afb6f --- /dev/null +++ b/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,304 @@ + + + + + + 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+ + diff --git a/main.css b/main.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c85cf54 --- /dev/null +++ b/main.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +*{padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Segoe UI", Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;font-family:"Segoe UI", Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif}a{text-decoration:none}a:hover,button:hover{cursor:pointer}a,a:visited{color:#0056b3}.base{min-height:100vh;display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%}.main__content-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:100%;justify-content:space-between;flex:2}p,h1,h2,h3,h4,li,ol,ul{color:#333}main{width:100%}blockquote{border-left:0.3em solid rgba(55,55,55,0.4);margin-bottom:16px;padding:0 1em;color:#707070}blockquote p,blockquote h1,blockquote h2,blockquote h3,blockquote h4,blockquote li,blockquote ol,blockquote ul{color:inherit}.home-card__group{display:flex;margin:0px auto;width:80%}.home-card__conatiner{background-color:#eee;margin:10px 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We collect information from you when you register on our site and gather data when you participate in the community by reading, writing, and evaluating the content shared here.

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For instance it would set core.quotePath to false:\n[core]\n\tquotePath = false\n\nWhen installing Gitea from docker or rootless or even from binary this $HOME/.gitconfig file belongs to a user that is dedicated to Gitea and not used by anyone else.\nHowever, if an Gitea installation was done differently and $HOME/.gitconfig has been customized because it is shared by a user or another application, there is a good chance that manual modifications were done such as:\n[user]\n\tname = Jane Doe\n\temail = jane@doe.com\n\nIt is also possible that the file was modified manually by the Gitea admin for other reasons. In both there is a potential for breakage when upgrading to Gitea >= 1.17 because the location of the file changed. It must be moved manually to the new location as follows:\n\nFigure out the directory where $HOME/.gitconfig must be moved by running the doctor:\n\n$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor \n[1] Check paths and basic configuration\n - [I] Configuration File Path: \"/data/gitea/conf/app.ini\"\n - [I] Repository Root Path: \"/data/git/repositories\"\n - [I] Data Root Path: \"/data/gitea\"\n - [I] Custom File Root Path: \"/data/gitea\"\n - [I] Work directory: \"/app/gitea\"\n - [I] Log Root Path: \"/data/gitea/log\"\nOK\n\n\nCopy the $HOME/.gitconfig file to the Repository Root Path (which is /data/git/repositories in the example above).\n\nThe reason why this breaking change was introduced is to workaround a rare problem impacting Gitea installations relying on networked volumes.\n","id":"https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-1/","title":"1.17 breaking changes episode 1: preserving a custom gitconfig"},"https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/":{"body":"On June 21st, 2022 1.17.0-rc1 was published and the location of the gitconfig file moved to a new location, which required manual intervention. This change impacted a large number of Gitea installations because the docker image tag latest was set to 1.17.0-rc1 by accident. As a result, about 10,000 pulls per hour from the docker hub got the release candidate instead of the expected stable version.\nUnfortunately moving the git home directory in 1.17.0-rc1 was implemented in way that created a security problem. The fix that was merged in Gitea to fix it requires moving the gitconfig file and was released July 19th, 2022 in 1.17.0-rc2.\nThis would have been a minor inconvenience if it only has an impact on adventurous people trying the release candidate in a test environment. But since all Gitea production installations based on the latest tag were inadvertently upgraded to 1.17.0-rc1, the admins who moved their custom .gitconfig will need to move it one more time when upgrading to 1.17.0-rc2.\nIn 1.17.0-rc2, a custom .gitconfig must be moved manually to the new git home directory as follows:\n\nFigure out the directory where $HOME/.gitconfig must be moved by running the doctor:\n\n$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor \n[1] Check paths and basic configuration\n - [I] Configuration File Path: \"/data/gitea/conf/app.ini\"\n - [I] Repository Root Path: \"/data/git/repositories\"\n - [I] Data Root Path: \"/data/gitea\"\n - [I] Custom File Root Path: \"/data/gitea\"\n - [I] Work directory: \"/app/gitea\"\n - [I] Log Root Path: \"/data/gitea/log\"\nOK\n\n\nCopy the $HOME/.gitconfig file to the Data Root Path/home (which is /data/gitea/home in the example above).\n\n","id":"https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/","title":"1.17 breaking changes episode 2: preserving a custom gitconfig"},"https://gna.org/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/":{"body":"Introducing Hostea, a project Loïc\nDachary and Aravinth\nManivannan are working on to create a full Free\nsoftware development suite based on\nGitea for the forge, Woodpecker\nCI for CI/CD,\nPages for static sites and\nGitPad for gists.\nThis talk introduces the projects goals and philosophy behind the\nproject.\nPlease see\nhere\nto learn more about the event.\nDetails#\n\n\norganised by: forgefriends.org\ndate: 2022th April, 2022\nvenue: Online\n\nResources#\n\n\nslides(ODP)\nslides(PDF)\n\n","id":"https://gna.org/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/","title":"Introducing Gna!"},"https://gna.org/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/":{"body":"The instructions to upgrade a Gitea instance only require three to four steps. They work fine most of the time but the documentation is lacking a \"Troubleshooting\" section to help out when something goes wrong. Maintaining instructions on how to diagnose and fix upgrade problems is an ambitious undertaking and requires updates every time a new case is discovered.\nAn inventory of the known upgrade issues was started to figure out how to structure such a section in the documentation. The release notes were analyzed all the way back to Gitea 1.9.6 and the work is still in progress. Here is a sample of the tips that will be included:\n\nUpgrade directly to the latest Gitea version, there is no need to upgrade to intermediate versions.\nIf the upgrade from version x.y to version x.y+2 fails and there is a need to narrow down the problem, try upgrading to the latest minor version of each major version and verify it works.\netc.\n\nHowever, even with the best documentation, someone will eventually run into an new problem and fixing it without compromising the integrity of the data will be challenging. This is best demonstrated by a real world example that was concluded a few days ago.\nGetting help from the community#\n\nAfter upgrading a Gitea intsance from 1.9.6 to 1.16.5 the tests conducted manually did not uncover any problem. However, after going to production, some users saw a blank page after login and had to manually type the URL of the project they wanted to see in the browser. The person in charge of the upgrade never had to diagnose Gitea problem and reached out in the Gitea forum.\n\nTip: explain the problem in a public forum as early as possible to get help from the community\n\nIn their post in the forum they explained how they attempted to diagnose the problem and how why they thought that only users created a few years ago were impacted. It was a detailed analysis that was concluded with a partial copy of the logs. It was unfortunately missing key information that was provided only three days later. In the meantime, as they could not figure out the source of the problem, they were on the verge of accepting the loss of all the Gitea database and start over from the repositories. However, once all the details were available, a workaround was suggested in the forum.\n\nTip: focus more on providing detailed facts than exposing the attempted diagnostic\n\nThere was hope to fix Gitea and in the following days they applied the workaround. They also tried to improve it but without success and eventually accepted a partial data loss as inevitable and reported their success back to the forum.\n\nTip: when getting support from the community, providing feedback is the best token of appreciation\n\nGetting professional help#\n\nThe Gna! Clinic is a collective of individual and companies that provides professional services to Gitea admins. They are active members of the Gitea community who help out as volunteers. They can also be hired to resolve the more complicated cases.\nThe Gitea instance that was in trouble required more than a few minutes of work and access to the database content for a proper diagnostic. They proposed their assistance but although well received, it was not accepted.\nWhen the Gitea admin explained how they chose to resolve the problem on the forum, it confirmed the workaround was viable and the root problem was identified. That was enough to figure out a fix for the underlying bug with a rather simple patch that was merged and backported in the following days. But it happened too late to avoid the data loss.\nTo summarize with a timeline, here is what happened:\n\nJ+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login and a the Gitea admin tries to diagnose the problem\nJ+2: A message is sent to ask for help in the community\nJ+2 to J+6: Three people in the community suggest ideas but the Gitea admin cannot figure out the root cause and is on the verge of accepting the loss of all Gitea data and restart from the git repositories\nJ+6: A workaround is suggested by the community\nJ+7 to J+17: The Gitea admin applies the workaround and only looses part of the Gitea data\n\nAnd in retrospect, here is what could have happened instead:\n\nJ+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login\nJ+1: The Gitea admin reaches out to someone at the Gna! Clinic\nJ+2: The logs of the Gitea instance are analyzed, the root cause diagnosed and a patch is created to fix it.\nJ+3: If necessary a Gitea binary is created with the patch and used as a temporary replacement until the next point release is published with the backport. The Gitea admin runs the patched Gitea binary in the meantime. There is no data loss.\n\nIt does not mean all upgrade problems can be resolved so easily. But it shows, with an example, that in some cases it makes sense to get professional help.\n","id":"https://gna.org/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/","title":"[solved] blank or error 500 page after login"},"https://gna.org/blog/experimental/":{"body":"Hosting a Gitea instance on Gna! is now possible (but still experimental). It is meant to be a minimum viable product: anyone can create a new dedicated Gitea instance within minutes and pay for it on a monthly basis with a credit card. It includes a dedicated CI based on Woodpecker. The smallest instance costs 10€ per month (2GB RAM, 10GB disk, 1CPU) and will be a good fit for a freelance up to a team of five people but bigger instances are also available if more RAM, CPU or disk is required.\n\n \n\nThe service is 100% infrastructure as code, published as Ansible playbooks within Enough. It can be self-hosted on bare metal (with libvirt) or in the cloud (with OpenStack): follow the quick start, configure playbooks for hostea and the dashboard.\nThe organization supporting Gna! is a horizontal collective of individuals and organizations. The revenue sharing model is set to dedicate 25% of the income (more than the profits) to help the Free Software projects Hostea depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc.\nThe origin#\n\nIn February 2022 the project of running a dedicated Gitea hosting service was proposed to the Gitea project and other organizations and plans were drafted. After a month of discussions it turned out to not be a good match for any of them.\nIt was suggested to create a new project from scratch instead of joining an existing organization. However, in order to be sustainable, a hosting service needs customers willing to pay for the service. And nobody had that kind of skill. It was therefore decided that to terminate the project: there is no point is creating a technical stack that's not going to be used by anyone.\nA technical stack with no users#\n\nThe most common mistake technical people do when creating a new piece of software is to overlook the fact that they have absolutely no idea how to let their intended user base know about it. Maybe the reason it happens so often is because it is very difficult to resist the urge of creating something. Because that's what technical people love to do: create things, even when they have no clue if it can be used.\nIt took no longer than two weeks for the people involved in Gna! to decide to build the technical stack to run hostea instead of being reasonable and give up. It was just too tempting.\nTo keep the madness contained and enjoyable, it was decided to set a deadline to July 1st and to define precise and realistic technical goals. It turned out to be an enjoyable experience: everyone learned a lot in the process and the outcome is something that can be reproduced. Most MVPs are a brittle pile of hacks designed to last a few weeks and be thrown away. But since a primary goal of the project was to create something self-hostable, it had to implement that feature and therefore be reproducible.\nA horizontal collective with a revenue sharing model#\n\nAnother goal of Gna! is to deploy federated forges, even at an experimental stage. Instead of creating a centralized organization to support Hostea, it was decided to create horizontal collective. It feels like a contradiction for a project committed to decentralization to be governed by a centralized organization.\nThe collective is composed of individuals and organizations but, unlike exclusively volunteer based Free Software projects, it is for profit. Customers rent Gitea instances by the month and the income is used to pay for expenses. There is however a difficulty: by nature a horizontal collective cannot be incorporated as it would create a level of hierarchy. The revenue sharing model had to be set as an informal agreement between members where one of them receives the income and distributes it to the others, depending on their Gna! related expenses.\nIt also requires that 25% of the income (not the profits) is dedicated to help the Free Software projects that Gna! depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. It can be via a donation, by upstreaming a bug fix or any kind of work that is beneficial to the dependency.\nDedicated to forge federation#\n\nIn the spirit of dogfooding, the people who created the technical stack of Gna! will use it for themselves on a daily basis. Since the focus of the authors is on forge federation, they will add federation support in Hostea. This will be their primary motivation to improve and maintain Hostea: it is the only hosting platform where this can happen.\n","id":"https://gna.org/blog/experimental/","title":"Get a Gitea instance with CI at Gna!"},"https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/":{"body":"While helping people with their upgrades in the Gitea forum or at the Gna! clinic, I realized that few Gitea admins know about the gitea doctor command and decided to write this blog post as a gentle introduction.\nAn apple a day keeps the doctor away#\n\nOr in our case, Gitea versions below 1.11.5. Since then, the gitea doctor is available and is designed to run against a specific Gitea version. It would not be a good idea to try to run the doctor from Gitea 1.16 to verify the sanity of a Gitea 1.2 instance: it will be confused by how the database is organized and a number of other details. Historical fun fact: the gitea doctor was backported to Gitea 1.10.5 and Gitea 1.10.6 and may be of help if you run this particular version and are facing the problem that motivated the backport.\nWith each version gitea doctor improves and gains new capabilities. For instance, in Gitea 1.17 it becomes aware of orphaned pull requests and is able to fix them. If such a problem exists in Gitea 1.16, it does not know about it.\nCalling the doctor#\n\nIn the following, examples are based on a Gitea 1.16.8 instance you can run as follows:\n$ docker run --name gitea -p 3000:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless\n$ docker exec gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com\n$ docker exec gitea mkdir /var/lib/gitea/data/log\n\nAnd then you can go to the web interface to create a test repository, with an initial README.md file. When this is done the doctor can be called as follows:\n$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --all\n[1] Check paths and basic configuration\n - [I] Configuration File Path: \"/etc/gitea/app.ini\"\n - [I] Repository Root Path: \"/var/lib/gitea/git/repositories\"\n - [I] Data Root Path: \"/var/lib/gitea\"\n - [I] Custom File Root Path: \"/var/lib/gitea/custom\"\n - [I] Work directory: \"/var/lib/gitea\"\n - [I] Log Root Path: \"/var/lib/gitea/data/log\"\nOK\n[2] Check if there is garbage storage files\nOK\n[3] Check Database Version\nOK\n[4] Check consistency of database\nOK\n[5] Check if user with wrong type exist\nOK\n[6] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date\nOK\n[7] Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available\n - [I] ScriptType bash is on the current PATH at /bin/bash\nOK\n[8] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable\nOK\n[9] Recalculate Stars number for all user\nOK\n[10] Check old archives\n - [I] 0 old archives in repository need to be deleted\nOK\n[11] Enable push options\n - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates.\nOK\n[12] Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961)\n - [W] Found 0 broken repo_units\nOK\n[13] Recalculate merge bases\n - [W] 0 PRs with incorrect mergebases of 0 PRs total in 1 repos\nOK\n[14] Check git-daemon-export-ok files\n - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates.\n\nWhat does the doctor know?#\n\nAlthough the doctor can be compared to fsck(8), it does not know everything. It took decades for fsck to become the ultimate authority on finding problems on file systems and reliably fixing them without losing data. Nowadays, only a handful of people in the world are brave enough to manually attempt a file system recovery when fsck cannot recover from a data loss.\nThe first doctor version is two years old and Gitea admins are still routinely running SQL queries against the database or moving files around when trying to figure out why a Gitea instance is not behaving as it should. It is however worth checking if the doctor does not already have a solution by listing all it can do:\n$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --list\nDefault\tName\t\t\t\tTitle\n*\tpaths\t\t\t\tCheck paths and basic configuration\n\tstorages\t\t\tCheck if there is garbage storage files\n*\tcheck-db-version\t\tCheck Database Version\n\tcheck-db-consistency\t\tCheck consistency of database\n*\tcheck-user-type\t\t\tCheck if user with wrong type exist\n*\tauthorized-keys\t\t\tCheck if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date\n\tscript-type\t\t\tCheck if SCRIPT_TYPE is available\n\thooks\t\t\t\tCheck if hook files are up-to-date and executable\n\trecalculate-stars-number\tRecalculate Stars number for all user\n\tcheck-old-archives\t\tCheck old archives\n\tenable-push-options\t\tEnable push options\n\tfix-broken-repo-units\t\tCheck for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961)\n\trecalculate-merge-bases\t\tRecalculate merge bases\n\tcheck-git-daemon-export-ok\tCheck git-daemon-export-ok files\n\nAnd then call the check that looks interesting:\n$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run authorized-keys\n[1] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date\nOK\n\nThe challenge is to figure out which check does what and at the moment the best source of information is ... the sources themselves. The doctor.go command is the entry point and the doctor directory contains the rest.\nSome checks are straightforward to understand, even if you do not know Go, such as the authorized-keys check. Others are much more involved and your best chance is to ask the Gitea chatroom for help.\nIs it going to hurt?#\n\nBy default the doctor (very much like fsck -N) only performs non destructive checks and displays diagnostics, with an indication of how serious the problem is. In the example above, there only are lines with [I] (which indicates an information) and [W] which indicates a warning that can be ignored but may be worth looking into. Those two warnings are actually just informational and should be labelled as [I], which has been fixed in a more recent version of the doctor.\nNow let's do something bad: remove the permissions from a hook in our repository:\n$ docker exec gitea chmod -x /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive\n\nRun the doctor with the check supposed to find that out:\n$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks\n[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable\n - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable\n\nAsk it to fix this with the --fix flag:\n$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks --fix\n[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable\n - [W] Regenerated hooks for root/test\n - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable\n\nAnd run it one last time to check all is well:\n$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks\n[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable\nOK\n\nEven when the doctor is unable to fix a problem, it can help by showing extensive debug output which can be found, by default, in the doctor.log file in the directory from which it runs. Or it can be displayed on the standard output with --log-file -, which is most convenient when running in docker.\nGoing further#\n\nIf that was helpful to you, I would very much appreciate if you send me a message on Mastodon. It will encourage me to write more blog posts to share what I learn about Gitea. Even better: you could send a pull request to improve the doctor and help it mature.\n","id":"https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/","title":"[tutorial] A gentle introduction to the gitea doctor"},"https://gna.org/blog/path-not-found/":{"body":"In Gitea 1.15 the app.example.ini file was changed to comment out most of the values. The assumption was that all values exactly matched the defaults in the source code. However, there are differences, for instance for APP_DATA_PATH. Before Gitea 1.15, app.example.ini contained:\nAPP_DATA_PATH = data\n\nand the path was relative to the directory from which the Gitea server was running. In Gitea 1.15 up to 1.16, it was commented out:\n; APP_DATA_PATH = data\n\nand the path was relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the GITEA_WORK_DIR environment variable. \nWhen a distribution such as voidlinux uses app.example.ini as a base for the Gitea package, this change indirectly creates a regression and an upgrade of Gitea fails with errors such as unable to open level db at data/data/queues/common: mkdir data: permission denied. The regression did not show as soon as Gitea 1.15 became available in voidlinux because the package explicitly set APP_DATA_PATH. But this changed when Gitea 1.15.6 was packaged and once the value was commented out, upgrading triggered the problem. This was worked around six month later with the Gitea 1.16.8 package.\nThe APP_DATA_PATH directory is not the only one, the [log] ROOT_PATH is another example. There is an ongoing effort to improve the situation in Gitea 1.17. With the downside of introducing breaking changes that will have an impact on all Gitea installations because the content of the app.ini file will be interpreted differently. In the case of APP_DATA_PATH, both:\nAPP_DATA_PATH = data\n\nand:\n; APP_DATA_PATH = data\n\nwill be interpreted to be relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the GITEA_WORK_DIR environment variable. Every Gitea installation using APP_DATA_PATH = data will need to update the value to be an absolute path such as /var/lib/gitea/data so that it keeps pointing to the expected directory.\nIn order to prepare for the change or ensure the consistency of all path, there fortunately is a very simple solution: always use absolute paths in the app.ini configuration file.\n","id":"https://gna.org/blog/path-not-found/","title":"[solved] Gitea 1.15 and up: path not found or permission denied"},"https://gna.org/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/":{"body":"This post was originally published on Loïc Dachary's\nblog.\n\nWhen an organization asks me about Gitea, I would like to direct them to\na provider where they can rent an instance and just use it, in the same\nway they can go to https://discourse.org for a forum, or\nhttps://nextcloud.com for storage. Instead of waiting for that to\nhappen, Aravinth and\nmyself decided to do something about it, in a\nway that is in line with our shared values: transparency and Free\nSoftware.\nAfter doing some research we found counter examples that showed the\npitfalls to avoid. GitLab because its business model heavily relies on\nselling proprietary licenses. CiviCRM because setting it up is complex\nand requires training: users can't figure it out on their own. Gitea\nimages provided by Digital Ocean because they do not include security\nupgrades. MySQL configured and run by AWS because of the vendor lock-in\nthat makes it impossible to self-host.\nWe concluded that an online service such as Gitea can be hosted in a\nsustainable way as long as:\n\nIt is well maintained and upgrades itself\nIt can be self-hosted\nThe service can automatically be restored from backups when the\nunderlying resources fail\n\nGitHub and GitLab make it look like there is a market around software\nforges. It is however impossible to figure out if this market exists\nonly because it is based on proprietary software. How many of these\ncustomers would pay for a Free Software hosted Gitea instance?\nEven if these customers do exist, a new service provider would have to\nfigure out how to convince them to subscribe. The technical development\nof the service can be done within weeks but building a sustainable\nbusiness takes much longer. Again, there were examples of what can go\nwrong, for instance ElasticSearch. After years of work developing a\nsuccessful online service and a customer base, AWS entered the\ncompetition and started to take it away from them.\nThe sustainability of the Free Software ecosystem is a new and very\ndifficult problem to solve. It is discussed more than it ever was in the\nwake of security breaches originating from widely used and yet abandoned\nlibrary or disillusioned Free Software authors self-sabotaging their\nnext release, and everyone has diverging opinions. It falls on each Free\nSoftware author to spend time to think about their own projects because\nthere are no handbook or good examples to follow. That is what Aravinth\nand myself did to find a semblance of clarity and decide how to go about\nthis hosted Gitea service idea.\nSustaining Free Software online services#\n\nMore mature online services mean less opportunities to sell services#\n\nIdeally the software running an online service is rock solid and bugs\nare so rare that it can run unattended. This is true of\nhttps://wordpress.org and it is not uncommon for an instance to run for\nyears while upgrading themselves to get security patches. The cost of\nmaintaining such a service is negligible and hosting companies can offer\nit for free to their customers. They make their profit by renting the\nmachines on which the service runs.\nWhen the software is not as mature, it is more expensive to run. Bugs\nneed fixing, upgrades require manual intervention, users must be trained\nto overcome the complexity of the user experience, etc. Well known\nexamples are Discourse or CiviCRM for which companies sell services to\novercome these issues.\nBut when an organization is both the author of the software and the\nprovider of paid services to compensate for its lack of maturity, it\ncreates a conflict of interest. Should they focus their effort on making\nthe software more mature, they would harm a business model that is based\non this very lack of maturity. For instance, if the author of a software\nalso sells training courses, they are not motivated to solve user\nexperience issues. If they did, it would lower the need for training\ncourses and reduce their income.\nFree Software online services in the wake of the sustainability#\n\ncrisis\nNowadays all Free Software authors struggle to get enough resources to\nproduce a steady stream of releases, even when the project is very\npopular. This sustainability problem is getting more and more attention\nas the number of Free Software projects in use world wide keeps growing.\nEven the simplest online service relies on thousands of Free Software\nprojects, each of which needs work to keep going. Accidents caused by\npoorly maintained Free Software projects become more frequent.\nThis Free Software sustainability crisis is barely emerging and very\nmuch resembles ecological problems such as climate change. In both cases\nit is very difficult to figure out how to properly care for the\nresources that are consumed. After decades of advocacy, it is generally\naccepted that fossil energy won't last forever but there still is a long\nway to go. It will also take a long time for the Free Software community\nto answer this simple question: how to sustain an ever growing library\nof Free Software?\nLuckily, it is relatively simpler to solve that problem for an online\nservice because it has users. They can be reminded that their assistance\nis needed to keep the project afloat, for instance by a donation. A\nproposition that would be much more difficult to make for the author of\na cryptographic library. Convincing users to pay for an online service\nhas the best chance of success when the author of the software is also\nthe service provider. This is the business model of Discourse and\nWeblate, but it is relatively fragile because nothing stands in the way\nof the competition.\nA few years ago ElasticSearch successfully developed an online service\noffering. But when AWS entered the competition and was better at\nmarketing it, ElasticSearch quickly realized they would likely go out of\nbusiness. They tried to fight back by changing their\nlicense, which was the\nwrong answer to a real problem. Discourse or Weblate are also likely to\nface competition from hosting companies in the future and they may not\nsurvive it.\nIn the end, the durable source of income for a Free Software online\nservice is to rent the resources (CPU/RAM/network/disk) it needs to run.\nIn other words only hosting companies can make a profit when running\nsuch an online service. And for that reason they also need to share part\nof the profits to ensure the sustainability of the Free Software service\ntheir customers need.\nOnline services vendor lock-in is cured by Free Software#\n\nWhen hosting companies offer online services they also provide upgrades\nand transparent recovery when the hardware fails. But none of them allow\nthe service to be self-hosted. When their price policy change, or when\nthe term of services ban users from a given country, migrating the\nservice elsewhere it costly and difficult. For instance when AWS runs\nMySQL for their customers, they allow to download the data but not the\nsoftware that runs the proprietary AWS interface used to configure and\ncontrol the server. Another example is GitHub where the content of the\ngit repository can be downloaded but the code that runs GitHub itself is\nnot Free Software.\nIf a customer cannot run the same software as their service provider,\nthey are locked-in, even if they can download their data. It is a common\nmisconception to think that there is no vendor lock-in as long as it is\npossible to download the data in an standard format. Migrating the data\nfrom one software to another is, more often than not, time consuming and\ncostly to a point that it is effectively a blocker. A GitHub salesperson\nwould argue that it is possible for people to run GitHub Enterprise on\ntheir own hardware. But the vendor lock-in is still present via the\nproprietary license contract. The user experience, maintenance and\nupgrades are still exclusively controlled by GitHub.\nTo guarantee their independence, the customers of an online service need\nto be able to:\n\nDownload their data\nRun the exact same Free Software as their service provider\nRun the exact same Free Software infrastructure as code as their\nservice provider\n\nThe requirement regarding Free Software infrastructure as code refers\nto, for instance, the AWS control panel and all that is behind it when\ncreating a new MySQL service. It includes whatever a competitor would\nneed to run the same online service. An example would be\nhttps://enough.community, an infrastructure as code dedicated to\ncreating the services needed by whistleblowers and human rights\ndefenders. It consumes resources rented by hosting providers, assembles\ndisks and machines, setup monitoring and intrusion detection, installs\nvarious online services and upgrades them.\nThe availability of the software that creates the infrastructure is not\nonly useful to the competitors of a service provider. It also benefits a\nnon-profit that wants to provide (for instance) Wordpress instances to\nits members. Without it they would need to create something from scratch\nusing building blocks such as CiviCRM. Even though such building blocks\nexist, this is a significant undertaking and effectively a blocker.\nFederated online services and durability#\n\nAll self-hosted services are in danger of losing the data they contain.\nWhen a Wordpress service is hosted in a home and the machine dies, it\nmust be restored from backups... when there are backups. Hosting\ncompanies ensure the durability of the data with their own backup\nsystem. It creates a dilemma for people who are looking into self\nhosting: independence is desirable, but is it worth taking the risk of\ndata loss?\nFederated online services do not suffer from this problem, because they\ncan mirror each other. A Gitea instance that is federated with another\nwill mirror copies of software projects found on its peers. Should one\ninstance be destroyed, mirrored projects can be resurrected from the\nfederated instance. Not only is it a practical way to ensure the (rare)\nfailure of an entire datacenter, it also helps with the (more frequent)\ndestruction of self-hosted machines. Contrary to backups that require\nspecial attention, the replication involved in federated online service\nis built in and works continuously. There is no need for an extra backup\nservice that is very rarely used and therefore likely to fail when\nneeded.\nFederated services are not yet mainstream and Gitea is one of the rare\nservices that started to implement the concept. In the interim,\ncustomers of an online hosting service will need to worry about backups\nto ensure the durability of their data. But the ultimate solution for\nthem won't be the emergence of an ideal backup infrastructure, it will\nbe replication (via federated services) that will continuously ensure\nthe durability of their data.\nPaths forward#\n\nThe Gitea project itself, following the footsteps of Discourse or\nWeblate, could provide a hosting service. Part of its current user base\nmay become customers and there does not seem to be any blocker to make\nthat happen. As with most successful Free Software project, people\nworking on Gitea daily are already very busy and cannot engage in such a\nlong term project. But Aravinth and myself can, if they will have us.\nAnother path forward would be to wrap Gitea into a bundle that existing\nhosting companies could easily use to provide such a service to their\ncustomers. The biggest hosting companies are unlikely to be interested:\nif Digital Ocean was to provide upgrades on top of their existing Gitea\nimage, they are more likely to rely on their internal staff to implement\nthat from scratch, as proprietary software integrated into their\nexisting infrastructure. But smaller hosting companies such as\nhttps://Octopuce.fr or https://Easter-Eggs.com, who already deploy Gitea\ninstances for their customers, would use it if, for instance, it helped\nwith the upgrades. They would then kindly be reminded to give back a\nshare of their profits in order to sustain the development of the\nservice they deploy.\nFinally it would also be possible to follow the example of GitLab in the\nearly days (before it turned to proprietary software) or Codeberg and\noffer a free shared forge hosting service to build a user base. After a\nfew years, a percentage of the user base would convert to being paid\ncustomers or donors to sustain the activity and part of the income would\nbe used to sustain the development of the service.\n","id":"https://gna.org/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/","title":"Project plans for a hosted Gitea online service"},"https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/":{"body":"April 12, 2022 version git v2.35.2 was released and addresses a security issue CVE-2022-24765. It was backported to 2.30.3, v2.31.2, v2.32.1, v2.33.2, and v2.34.2 and published by distributions such as Debian GNU/Linux, Alpine.\nIf Gitea runs as user foo, calls a patched Git version and a parent directory of the git repositories is owned by a user other than foo, it will fail with a message such as:\nFailed to open repository: Git/Data Error: exit status 128 - fatal: unsafe repository ('/data/git/repositories/git/data.git' is owned by someone else)\n\nThis started to show in the past few weeks to users running the Gitea binary on Windows who also independently installed git v2.36. And then to people running Gitea from snap, on a Synology NAS and then people running from Gitea docker images which is based on Alpine.\nWorkarounds#\n\n\nIf using Gitea docker images:\n\nupgrade to Gitea >=1.16.9 or 1.17, both have git >=2.36\ngit config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'\n\n\nIf the Gitea binary was installed independently of git, upgrade git to a version that is greater or equal to 2.36 and disable the security check entirely with:\n\nimpersonate the user dedicated to Gitea (usually git)\ngit config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'\n\n\n\nBug fix#\n\nThe bug fix is for Gitea to ensure git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*' is set on its dedicated user when it initializes. It is effective on the condition that the git CLI version is greater or equal to 2.36.\nBug fix rationale#\n\nIt is safe to disable the security check in Gitea. It is not vulnerable to CVE-2022-24765 because it calls the git CLI after changing its working directory to be the git repository targeted by the command (for instance diff) or a temporary directory. Therefore it will not explore the parent directories looking for a git configuration file.\nThe security check is triggered because the repository is owned by an unexpected user (root instead of git typically) and not because a parent directory is owned by an unexpected user. This, in itself, is a problem worth investigating but it is unrelated and was revealed by the newer security check of git even though it does not match the threat described in CVE-2022-24765.\nIt appears non trivial to enforce a consistent ownership of files and directories, either within docker or outside docker when networked file systems are involved. The Gitea server was not troubled by this inconsistency so far because the permissions allow it to write and read where expected, regardless of the owner. It is not worth looking into but it is ancient and unrelated.\nGitea runs under a dedicated user, either when installed from binary or from docker and modifies the global git configuration depending on the git version at initialization time. Fixing the problem can therefore be done by disabling the security check in the global git config file at initialization time. It also requires a minimum version of git 2.36 to be installed, which is the case for Gitea docker images with versions >= 1.16.9.\n","id":"https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/","title":"[solved] Gitea 1.16.[678] error: fatal: unsafe repository is owned by someone else"},"https://gna.org/blog/zombies-part-2/":{"body":"Gitea can create zombies, for instance if a Git mirror takes too long. When updating a mirror, Gitea relies on the git remote update command which creates a child process, git-remote-https, to fetch data from the remote repository. Gitea has an internal timeout that will kill the child process (e.g. git remote update) when it takes too long but will not kill the grandchild. This grandchild will become an orphan and run forever or until its own timeout expires, which is about two minutes on git version 2.25.\n$ time git clone https://4.4.4.4\nClonage dans '4.4.4.4'...\nfatal: impossible d'accéder à 'https://4.4.4.4/': Failed to connect to 4.4.4.4 port 443: Connexion terminée par expiration du délai d'attente\n\nreal\t2m9,753s\nuser\t0m0,001s\nsys\t0m0,009s\n\nAs explained in the diagnostic blog post regarding Gitea zombies there fortunately is a very simple way to avoid this by making sure each Gitea child is a process group leader. That first step was introduced in Gitea 1.17 and backported to Gitea 1.16.9. The actual bug fix can now be implemented.\nUsing negative process id to kill children#\n\nWhen Gitea timeout on a child, it relies on os.Process.Kill which translates into a using the kill(2) system call to send a SIGKILL signal to unconditionally terminate it: kill(pid, SIGKILL). Using a negative pid with kill(-pid, SIGKILL) will also terminate all processes created by Gitea's child, without Gitea knowing when or why they were created. From the kill(2) manual page:\n\nIf pid is less than -1, then sig is sent to every process in the process group whose ID is -pid.\n\nWhich is implemented as follows in the Friendly Forge Format library:\n\nsyscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)\n\nNot using the default Go CommandContext#\n\nSince CommandContext does not allow to send a signal to the negative pid of the child process, it has to be implemented by Gitea itself, in a way that is similar to how the Friendly Forge Format library does it:\n\tctxErr := watchCtx(ctx, cmd.Process.Pid)\n\terr = cmd.Wait()\n\tinterruptErr := <-ctxErr\n\t// If cmd.Wait returned an error, prefer that.\n\t// Otherwise, report any error from the interrupt goroutine.\n\tif interruptErr != nil && err == nil {\n\t\terr = interruptErr\n\t}\n\nTesting the bug is fixed and stays fixed#\n\nLong standing bugs that are difficult to reproduce manually such as this one require robust testing to ensure that:\n\nthe diagnostic identifying the root cause is correct\nthe bug fix works\nit does not resurface insidiously because of a subtle regression introduce years later\n\nIt is easy to implement as can be seen in the Friendly Forge Format library. In a nutshell:\n\ngit clone https://4.4.4.4 which will hang because of firewall rules\nwait for the git-remote-https grandchild process to be spawned\ncancel the context and wait for the goroutine to terminate\nverify the git-remote-https is killed\n\nAnd with that... no more zombies!\n","id":"https://gna.org/blog/zombies-part-2/","title":"[solved] Zombies created by Gitea"},"https://gna.org/blog/zombies/":{"body":"The first issue about zombie processes created by Gitea was reported in 2017 and resurfaced on a regular basis. Although it does not look pretty, zombie processes are leftovers that do not consume resources and never caused any kind of harm. Here is one scenario that will create a zombie:\n\nGitea updates a mirror by spawning the process git remote update\ngit remote update spawns yet another process, git fetch\ngit fetch is stuck, for instance because of network problems, and Gitea eventually times out\nGitea kill the process git remote update\nWhen killed git remote update does not kill its own child and git fetch becomes an orphaned process which keeps running\nWhen git fetch eventually completes it becomes a zombie because its original parent is no longer around to wait on it\n\nPID 1 process and waiting on orphans#\n\nThis scenario is not unique to Gitea and it is such a common pattern that safeguards have been implemented to mitigate the proliferation of zombies. Orphaned process are automatically attached to the process with PID 1, which is expected to wait on every process, whether it created them or not. When Gitea is installed from binary on GNU/Linux this is /bin/init and when Gitea runs from the default docker image this is s6: they will both wait on orphaned processes and there won't be any zombies.\nWhat if Gitea is the only running process?#\n\nBut when Gitea runs from the rootless docker image, Gitea is the only process running in the container. Orphaned processes will have Gitea as a parent but will not wait on them and they will stay in a zombie state forever. To reproduce this problem in a minimal way:\n$ docker run --name gitea -p 8080:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless\n$ docker exec --user 1000 gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com\n\nThe git command can then be replaced with a script that waits forever:\n$ ( echo -e '#!/bin/bash\\nsleep infinity' ) | docker exec -i --user root gitea tee /usr/bin/git\n$ docker exec --user root gitea chmod +x /usr/bin/git\n\nTrying to create a repository from the web interface will create the conditions for a zombie to show:\n$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args \nPPID PID COMMAND COMMAND\n 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web\n 1 94 sleep [sleep]\n 1 99 sleep [sleep]\n 1 111 sleep [sleep]\n 1 164 git {git} /bin/bash /usr/bin/git -c credential.helper= -c protocol.version=2 -c uploadpack.allowfilter=true -c uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant=true init --bare\n 164 165 sleep sleep infinity\n\nWhen the git process is killed by Gitea, the sleep child will be orphaned:\n$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args \nPPID PID COMMAND COMMAND\n 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web\n 1 94 sleep [sleep]\n 1 99 sleep [sleep]\n 1 111 sleep [sleep]\n 1 165 sleep sleep infinity\n\nKilling it will turn it into a zombie:\n$ docker exec gitea kill 165\n$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args \nPPID PID COMMAND COMMAND\n 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web\n 1 94 sleep [sleep]\n 1 99 sleep [sleep]\n 1 111 sleep [sleep]\n 1 165 sleep [sleep]\n\nKilling a child process and all its children#\n\nThere should be no need for an admin running Gitea to worry about those gory details, it should be taken care of regardless of the environment Gitea runs in. Fortunately there is a very simple way to avoid the creation of zombies by ensuring that all Gitea child process are process group leaders. In a nutshell it means that when the child is killed all its children and grand children are also killed.\n","id":"https://gna.org/blog/zombies/","title":"[diagnostic] Zombies created by Gitea"},"https://gna.org/coc/":{"body":"The Gna! collective strives to:#\n\n\nBe friendly, patient and welcoming. We strive to be a collective that welcomes and supports people of all backgrounds and identities. This includes, but is not limited to, members of any race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, colour, immigration status, social and economic class, educational level, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, age, size, family status, political belief, religion and mental and physical ability.\nBe considerate. Our work will be used by other people, and we in turn will depend on the work of others. Any decision we take will affect users and colleagues, and we should take those consequences into account when making decisions. Remember that we're a world-wide community and we have a global base of users and of contributors. Even if it's not obvious at the time, our contributions to projects managed by the Gna! collective will impact the work of others.\nBe respectful. Not all of us will agree all the time, but disagreement is no excuse for poor behavior and poor manners. We might all experience some frustration now and then, but we cannot allow that frustration to turn into a personal attack. It’s important to remember that a collective where people feel uncomfortable or threatened is not a productive one. Members of the collective should be respectful when dealing with other contributors as well as with people outside of the collective and with users of the projects managed by Gna!.\nCollaborate openly. Collaboration is central to projects managed by Gna! and to the larger free software community. This collaboration involves individuals working within teams, cross-project collaboration within Hostea and working with other projects outside of Hostea. This collaboration reduces redundancy, and improves the quality of our work. Internally and externally, we should always be open to collaboration. Wherever possible, we should work closely with upstream and downstream projects and others in the free software community to coordinate our technical, advocacy, documentation and other work. Our work must be done transparently and we should involve as many interested parties as early as possible. If we decide to take a different approach than others, we will let them know early, document our work and inform others regularly of our progress. We do not create private forms of communication that take away transparency or exclude other contributors and collaborators.\nWhen we disagree, try to understand why. Disagreements, both social and technical, happen all the time and Gna! is no exception. It is important that we resolve disagreements and differing views constructively. Remember that we’re different. The strength of Hostea comes from people with a wide range of backgrounds. Different people have different perspectives on issues. Being unable to understand why someone holds a viewpoint doesn’t mean that they’re wrong.\nFocus on helping to resolve issues and learning from mistakes. It is important that we resolve disagreements and differing views constructively and with the help of the collective. When our goals differ dramatically, we encourage the creation of alternative implementations, so that the collective can test new ideas and contribute to the discussion.\nWhen we are unsure, we ask for help. Nobody knows everything, and nobody is expected to be perfect in Gna!. Asking questions avoids many problems down the road, and so questions are encouraged. Those who are asked questions should be responsive and helpful. However, when asking a question, care must be taken to do so in an appropriate forum.\n\nWe take the following very seriously, and any violations may impact your ability to participate in Gna!#\n\n\nBe careful with your words and actions. Do not insult or put down other participants. Harassment and other exclusionary behavior is not acceptable and should be reported. This includes but is not limited to:\n\nViolent threats or language directed against another person.\nDiscriminatory jokes and language.\nPosting sexually suggestive, explicit or violent material.\nPosting (or threatening to post) other people's personally identifying information (\"doxing\").\nPersonal insults, especially those using racist or sexist terms.\nUnwelcome sexual attention.\nAdvocating for, or encouraging, any of the above behavior.\nRepeated harassment of others. In general, if someone asks you to stop, then stop.\n\n\nRespect the decision process. Members of Gna! should not attempt to manipulate decisons based on consensus or election results. Open debate is welcome, but vote trading, ballot stuffing and other forms of abuse are not acceptable.\n\n","id":"https://gna.org/coc/","title":"Code of Conduct"},"https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/":{"body":"How does it work?#\n\nYou can get help from the community on the Gna! forum or the Gitea forum: it is the best way to resolve simple issues. If you are in a hurry or the problem is serious you could:\n\nGet in touch with the doctor of your choice\nUpload your sick Gitea\nOnce it is repaired download it back home (or decide it deserves a permanent residence at Gna!)\nPay the doctor\n\nHow much does it cost?#\n\nAll Gna! doctors charge a flat hourly rate for consultations held in public (sensitive information is never revealed, even if the consultation is held in public). Private consultations fees depend on the Hostea doctor.\nGna! Doctors#\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n Aravinth Manivannan\n \n ★★★★☆\n \n \n Get in touch\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n Easter-eggs\n \n ★★★★★\n \n \n Get in touch\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n Loïc Dachary\n \n ★★★★★\n \n \n Get in touch\n \n\n\n","id":"https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/","title":"Gitea Clinic"},"https://gna.org/legalese/":{"body":"Copyright#\n\nThe copyright of the software and content used to build the infrastructure is held by the individual contributors who implemented it, as found in the git history.\nIntellectual Property#\n\nDid You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage\nDisclaimer of Warranty#\n\nThere is no warranty for the service, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Except when otherwise stated in writing the service is provided \"as is\" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.\nLimitation of Liability#\n\nIn no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing will any member of the Gna! community, or any other party who modifies the service as permitted by Hostea, be liable to you for damages, including any general, special, incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the service (including but not limited to loss of data or data being rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by you or third parties or a failure of the service to operate with any other service), even if such member or other party has been advised of the possibility of such damages.\nInterpretation of the Warranty and Liability disclaimers#\n\nIf the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the service.\nHosting#\n\nThe services and this web site, as well as all sub-domains, are exclusively maintained and used by the individuals composing the Gna!. They can be reached at contact@gna.org.\nFor details, see the documentation.\n","id":"https://gna.org/legalese/","title":"Legalese"},"https://gna.org/privacy-policy/":{"body":"Who is we?#\n\nIn the context of a horizontal community, the word we has a different meaning than within not-for-profit organizations or companies. We are the individuals who have access to the resources that would enable them to modify how it is implemented. For instance, someone with access to the configuration of the web server can change the log retention policy.\nWhat information do we collect?#\n\nWe collect information from you when you register on our site and gather data when you participate in the community by reading, writing, and evaluating the content shared here.\nWhen registering on Gna! sites, you may be asked to enter your name and e-mail address. You may, however, visit our sites without registering. Your e-mail address will be verified by an email containing a unique link. If that link is visited, we know that you control the e-mail address.\nWhen registered and participating, we record the IP address that the post originated from. We also may retain server logs which include the IP address of every request to our server.\nWhat do we use your information for?#\n\nAny of the information we collect from you may be used in one of the following ways:\n\nTo personalize your experience — your information helps us to better respond to your individual needs.\nTo send periodic emails — The email address you provide may be used to send you information, notifications that you request about changes to topics or in response to your user name, respond to inquiries, and/or other requests or questions.\n\nHow do we protect your information?#\n\nWe implement a variety of security measures to maintain the safety of your personal information when you enter, submit, or access your personal information.\nWhat is your data retention policy?#\n\nWe will make a good faith effort to:\n\nRetain server logs containing the IP address of all requests to this server no more than 15 days.\nRetain the IP addresses associated with registered users and their posts no more than 15 days.\n\nWhat about my data?#\n\nUsers of Hotea's services can ask contact@gna.org to:\n\nDelete their account on a service when it is not a feature available to the user (for instance Nextcloud)\nRetrieve data associated with their account on a service that does not already provide full access\n\nDo we use cookies?#\n\nYes. Cookies are small files that a site or its service provider transfers to your computer's hard drive through your Web browser (if you allow). These cookies enable the sites to recognize your browser and, if you have a registered account, associate it with your registered account.\nWe use cookies to understand and save your preferences for future visits and compile aggregate data about site traffic and site interaction so that we can offer better site experiences and tools in the future. We do not contract with third-party service providers.\nDo we disclose any information to outside parties?#\n\nWe do not sell, trade, or otherwise transfer to outside parties any information.\nYour Consent#\n\nBy using our sites, you consent to our sites privacy policy.\nChanges to our Privacy Policy#\n\nIf we decide to change our privacy policy, we will post those changes on this page.\n","id":"https://gna.org/privacy-policy/","title":"Privacy"},"https://gna.org/service-wip/":{"body":"Thank you for your interest in Gna!, we are a work-in-progress. Come\nsay hi and join the conversion! :)\n","id":"https://gna.org/service-wip/","title":"Service Work in Progress"},"https://gna.org/tos/":{"body":"CHATONS Charter compliance#\n\nGna! is committed to comply with the CHATONS charter.\nAll applications and infrastructure software used in Gna! are published under a Free Software license.\nUser content#\n\nGna! has no copyright claim over content uploaded by its users.\nGna! hosts, via application software, content in private spaces that are not publicly accessible. Hostea system administrators are committed to not look into those private spaces, even when they have the technical ability to do so, to respect the users privacy.\nSupport#\n\nSupport requests should be filed as an issue in https://gitea.gna.org/Hostea/support/issues.\nPublicly available content published on Gitea instances#\n\nAll publicly available software published on the dedicated Gitea instances provided by Gna! must be published under a Free Software license.\nInfrastructure#\n\nGna! exclusively uses resources located in France, at the Graveline OVH datacenter (59820 Gravelines, Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie, France) and at 12 bd Magenta, 75010 Paris, France. A copy of the backups is kept at Arndtstr 44, 10965 Berlin, Germany. It is created and maintained using Enough.\nSecurity#\n\nSecurity updates are applied via unattended upgrades.\nBackups#\n\nBackups are managed via the Enough backup playbook so that there exist at least one backup of each machine in a geographical location that is different from the one where it runs.\nDisaster recovery involves rebooting the machine that was lost using a backup, either within a libvirt hypervisor or an OpenStack tenant.\nGDPR compliance#\n\nA user can request deletion or anonymisation of the data they are unable to delete themselves by sending a request to contact@gna.org.\nA user can request an copy of the data held by Gna! that they are unable to download themselves by sending a request to contact@gna.org.\nEditorial responsibility#\n\nThe person responsible for the editorial content published on Gna! is Loïc Dachary, 12 bd Magenta, 75010 Paris.\nHuman contact#\n\nGna! users are kindly invited to get in touch with loic@dachary.org and organize a meeting in person to discuss the services provided.\n","id":"https://gna.org/tos/","title":"Terms of Service"}},"docInfo":{"https://gna.org/":{"body":0,"title":0},"https://gna.org/about/":{"body":77,"title":0},"https://gna.org/blog/":{"body":0,"title":1},"https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-1/":{"body":142,"title":8},"https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/":{"body":164,"title":8},"https://gna.org/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/":{"body":50,"title":2},"https://gna.org/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/":{"body":443,"title":6},"https://gna.org/blog/experimental/":{"body":395,"title":4},"https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/":{"body":717,"title":5},"https://gna.org/blog/path-not-found/":{"body":187,"title":8},"https://gna.org/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/":{"body":1094,"title":6},"https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/":{"body":293,"title":9},"https://gna.org/blog/zombies-part-2/":{"body":286,"title":4},"https://gna.org/blog/zombies/":{"body":387,"title":4},"https://gna.org/coc/":{"body":401,"title":2},"https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/":{"body":69,"title":2},"https://gna.org/legalese/":{"body":151,"title":1},"https://gna.org/privacy-policy/":{"body":269,"title":1},"https://gna.org/service-wip/":{"body":9,"title":3},"https://gna.org/tos/":{"body":204,"title":2}},"length":20},"lang":"English"}; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/service-wip/index.html b/service-wip/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a5fcdc --- /dev/null +++ b/service-wip/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,279 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Service Work in Progress | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

Service Work in Progress

Thank you for your interest in Gna!, we are a work-in-progress. Come +say hi and join the conversion! :)

+ +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/sitemap.xml b/sitemap.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b2c299 --- /dev/null +++ b/sitemap.xml @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ + + + + https://gna.org/ + + + https://gna.org/about/ + + + https://gna.org/blog/ + + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-1/ + 2022-06-22 + + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/ + 2022-07-20 + + + https://gna.org/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/ + 2022-04-22 + + + https://gna.org/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/ + 2022-05-08 + + + https://gna.org/blog/experimental/ + 2022-07-10 + + + https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/ + 2022-06-14 + + + https://gna.org/blog/path-not-found/ + 2022-05-28 + + + https://gna.org/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/ + 2022-04-18 + + + https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/ + 2022-05-15 + + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies-part-2/ + 2022-06-04 + + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies/ + 2022-06-02 + + + https://gna.org/coc/ + + + https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/ + + + https://gna.org/legalese/ + + + https://gna.org/privacy-policy/ + + + https://gna.org/service-wip/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/federation/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/forgefriends/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/free-software-sustainability/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/free-software/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/gitea/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/gna/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/hostea/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/problem/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/troubleshoot/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/tutorial/ + + + https://gna.org/tags/upgrade/ + + + https://gna.org/tos/ + + diff --git a/tag/main.css b/tag/main.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ab4c32 --- /dev/null +++ b/tag/main.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.tag__item-link,.tag__item-link:visited{text-decoration:none}.tag__item-link{display:flex;align-items:start;flex-direction:column;flex:2}.tag__item{border-bottom:1px dashed #333;margin:10px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding:5px}.tag__item-title{font-size:1.4rem}.tag__meta{font-size:0.7rem}.tag__rss-link{margin:auto 20px}.tag__title{display:inline;flex:2}.tag__title-container{margin:35px 0;display:flex}.tag__rss-link--single{margin:auto} diff --git a/tag/mobile.css b/tag/mobile.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1b4c0e --- /dev/null +++ b/tag/mobile.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.tag__title-container{flex-direction:column}.tag__rss-link--icon{margin:auto 0px} diff --git a/tags/federation/atom.xml b/tags/federation/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4fc89c --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/federation/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + + + - federation + + + Zola + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/tags/federation/atom.xml + + Get a Gitea instance with CI at Gna! + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/experimental/ + Hosting a Gitea instance on Gna! is now possible (but still experimental). It is meant to be a minimum viable product: anyone can <a href="https://hosteadashboard.gna.org">create a new dedicated Gitea instance</a> within minutes and pay for it on a monthly basis with a credit card. It includes a dedicated CI based on <a href="https://woodpecker-ci.org/">Woodpecker</a>. The smallest instance costs 10€ per month (2GB RAM, 10GB disk, 1CPU) and will be a good fit for a freelance up to a team of five people but bigger instances are also available if more RAM, CPU or disk is required. +<video width="600" controls> + <source src="https://cloud.forgefriends.org/s/xXLcYpsE469tJEj/download?path=&files=hostea-screencast-vm-create.mp4" type="video/mp4" /> +</video> +The service is 100% infrastructure as code, published as <a href="https://lab.enough.community/main/infrastructure/-/tree/9e18ebbf675c8a65d1585d20b4cf6295af6e52ed/playbooks/hosteadashboard">Ansible playbooks within Enough</a>. It can be self-hosted on bare metal (with <a href="https://libvirt.org/">libvirt</a>) or in the cloud (with <a href="https://www.openstack.org/">OpenStack</a>): follow the <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html#quick-start">quick start</a>, configure playbooks for <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/services/hostea.html">hostea</a> and <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/services/hosteadashboard.html">the dashboard</a>. +The organization supporting Gna! is a <a href="https://forum.gna.org/c/governance-and-decisions/7">horizontal collective</a> of individuals and organizations. The <a href="https://forum.hostea.org/t/decision-revenue-sharing-model/92">revenue sharing model</a> is set to dedicate 25% of the income (more than the profits) to help the Free Software projects Hostea depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. +<h3 id="the-origin">The origin<a class="zola-anchor" href="#the-origin" aria-label="Anchor link for: the-origin" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In February 2022 the project of running a dedicated Gitea hosting service was <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/a-gitea-hosting-service-under-the-umbrella-of-the-gitea-project/4692">proposed to the Gitea project</a> and other organizations and <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/02/16/project-plans-for-a-hosted-gitea-online-service/">plans were drafted</a>. After a month of discussions it turned out to not be a <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/03/11/the-inconclusive-story-of-four-failed-project-offers/">good match for any of them</a>. +It was suggested to create a new project from scratch instead of joining an existing organization. However, in order to be sustainable, a hosting service needs customers willing to pay for the service. And nobody had that kind of skill. It was therefore decided that to terminate the project: there is no point is creating a technical stack that's not going to be used by anyone. +<h3 id="a-technical-stack-with-no-users">A technical stack with no users<a class="zola-anchor" href="#a-technical-stack-with-no-users" aria-label="Anchor link for: a-technical-stack-with-no-users" + >#</a +> +</h3> +The most common mistake technical people do when creating a new piece of software is to overlook the fact that they have absolutely no idea how to let their intended user base know about it. Maybe the reason it happens so often is because it is very difficult to resist the urge of creating something. Because that's what technical people love to do: create things, even when they have no clue if it can be used. +It took no longer than two weeks for the people involved in Gna! to decide to build the technical stack to run hostea instead of being reasonable and give up. It was just too tempting. +To keep the madness contained and enjoyable, it was decided to set a deadline to July 1st and to <a href="https://gitea.gna.org/Hostea/july-mvp/issues">define precise and realistic technical goals</a>. It turned out to be an enjoyable experience: everyone learned a lot in the process and the outcome is something that can be reproduced. Most MVPs are a brittle pile of hacks designed to last a few weeks and be thrown away. But since a primary goal of the project was to create something self-hostable, it had to implement that feature and therefore be reproducible. +<h3 id="a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model">A horizontal collective with a revenue sharing model<a class="zola-anchor" href="#a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model" aria-label="Anchor link for: a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Another goal of Gna! is to deploy federated forges, even at an experimental stage. Instead of creating a centralized organization to support Hostea, it was decided to create <a href="https://forum.gna.org/c/governance-and-decisions/7">horizontal collective</a>. It feels like a contradiction for a project committed to decentralization to be governed by a centralized organization. +The collective is composed of individuals and organizations but, unlike exclusively volunteer based Free Software projects, it is for profit. Customers rent Gitea instances by the month and the income is used to pay for expenses. There is however a difficulty: by nature a horizontal collective cannot be incorporated as it would create a level of hierarchy. The <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/decision-revenue-sharing-model/92">revenue sharing model</a> had to be set as an informal agreement between members where one of them receives the income and distributes it to the others, depending on their Gna! related expenses. +It also requires that 25% of the income (not the profits) is dedicated to help the Free Software projects that Gna! depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. It can be via a donation, by upstreaming a bug fix or any kind of work that is beneficial to the dependency. +<h3 id="dedicated-to-forge-federation">Dedicated to forge federation<a class="zola-anchor" href="#dedicated-to-forge-federation" aria-label="Anchor link for: dedicated-to-forge-federation" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In the spirit of dogfooding, the people who created the technical stack of Gna! will use it for themselves on a daily basis. Since the focus of the authors is on <a href="https://forgefriends.org/blog/2022/06/30/2022-06-state-forge-federation/">forge federation</a>, they will add federation support in Hostea. This will be their primary motivation to improve and maintain Hostea: it is the only hosting platform where this can happen. + + + diff --git a/tags/federation/index.html b/tags/federation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03c4fe1 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/federation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + federation | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

+ +

#federation

+ +

+ +
Get a Gitea instance with CI at Gna!
+
+ 10 + July + +, + 2022 · 5 min read +
+ +
It is now possible to rent a Gitea instance by the month, with Woodpecker CI. A self-hostable hosting solution supported by a horizontal collective of individuals and organizations. 25% of the income is dedicated to help the Free Software projects it depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django, etc.
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #federation + + #forgefriends + +
+

+ + + + +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/tags/forgefriends/atom.xml b/tags/forgefriends/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a92f1fa --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/forgefriends/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ + + + - forgefriends + + + Zola + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/tags/forgefriends/atom.xml + + Get a Gitea instance with CI at Gna! + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/experimental/ + Hosting a Gitea instance on Gna! is now possible (but still experimental). It is meant to be a minimum viable product: anyone can <a href="https://hosteadashboard.gna.org">create a new dedicated Gitea instance</a> within minutes and pay for it on a monthly basis with a credit card. It includes a dedicated CI based on <a href="https://woodpecker-ci.org/">Woodpecker</a>. The smallest instance costs 10€ per month (2GB RAM, 10GB disk, 1CPU) and will be a good fit for a freelance up to a team of five people but bigger instances are also available if more RAM, CPU or disk is required. +<video width="600" controls> + <source src="https://cloud.forgefriends.org/s/xXLcYpsE469tJEj/download?path=&files=hostea-screencast-vm-create.mp4" type="video/mp4" /> +</video> +The service is 100% infrastructure as code, published as <a href="https://lab.enough.community/main/infrastructure/-/tree/9e18ebbf675c8a65d1585d20b4cf6295af6e52ed/playbooks/hosteadashboard">Ansible playbooks within Enough</a>. It can be self-hosted on bare metal (with <a href="https://libvirt.org/">libvirt</a>) or in the cloud (with <a href="https://www.openstack.org/">OpenStack</a>): follow the <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html#quick-start">quick start</a>, configure playbooks for <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/services/hostea.html">hostea</a> and <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/services/hosteadashboard.html">the dashboard</a>. +The organization supporting Gna! is a <a href="https://forum.gna.org/c/governance-and-decisions/7">horizontal collective</a> of individuals and organizations. The <a href="https://forum.hostea.org/t/decision-revenue-sharing-model/92">revenue sharing model</a> is set to dedicate 25% of the income (more than the profits) to help the Free Software projects Hostea depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. +<h3 id="the-origin">The origin<a class="zola-anchor" href="#the-origin" aria-label="Anchor link for: the-origin" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In February 2022 the project of running a dedicated Gitea hosting service was <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/a-gitea-hosting-service-under-the-umbrella-of-the-gitea-project/4692">proposed to the Gitea project</a> and other organizations and <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/02/16/project-plans-for-a-hosted-gitea-online-service/">plans were drafted</a>. After a month of discussions it turned out to not be a <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/03/11/the-inconclusive-story-of-four-failed-project-offers/">good match for any of them</a>. +It was suggested to create a new project from scratch instead of joining an existing organization. However, in order to be sustainable, a hosting service needs customers willing to pay for the service. And nobody had that kind of skill. It was therefore decided that to terminate the project: there is no point is creating a technical stack that's not going to be used by anyone. +<h3 id="a-technical-stack-with-no-users">A technical stack with no users<a class="zola-anchor" href="#a-technical-stack-with-no-users" aria-label="Anchor link for: a-technical-stack-with-no-users" + >#</a +> +</h3> +The most common mistake technical people do when creating a new piece of software is to overlook the fact that they have absolutely no idea how to let their intended user base know about it. Maybe the reason it happens so often is because it is very difficult to resist the urge of creating something. Because that's what technical people love to do: create things, even when they have no clue if it can be used. +It took no longer than two weeks for the people involved in Gna! to decide to build the technical stack to run hostea instead of being reasonable and give up. It was just too tempting. +To keep the madness contained and enjoyable, it was decided to set a deadline to July 1st and to <a href="https://gitea.gna.org/Hostea/july-mvp/issues">define precise and realistic technical goals</a>. It turned out to be an enjoyable experience: everyone learned a lot in the process and the outcome is something that can be reproduced. Most MVPs are a brittle pile of hacks designed to last a few weeks and be thrown away. But since a primary goal of the project was to create something self-hostable, it had to implement that feature and therefore be reproducible. +<h3 id="a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model">A horizontal collective with a revenue sharing model<a class="zola-anchor" href="#a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model" aria-label="Anchor link for: a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Another goal of Gna! is to deploy federated forges, even at an experimental stage. Instead of creating a centralized organization to support Hostea, it was decided to create <a href="https://forum.gna.org/c/governance-and-decisions/7">horizontal collective</a>. It feels like a contradiction for a project committed to decentralization to be governed by a centralized organization. +The collective is composed of individuals and organizations but, unlike exclusively volunteer based Free Software projects, it is for profit. Customers rent Gitea instances by the month and the income is used to pay for expenses. There is however a difficulty: by nature a horizontal collective cannot be incorporated as it would create a level of hierarchy. The <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/decision-revenue-sharing-model/92">revenue sharing model</a> had to be set as an informal agreement between members where one of them receives the income and distributes it to the others, depending on their Gna! related expenses. +It also requires that 25% of the income (not the profits) is dedicated to help the Free Software projects that Gna! depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. It can be via a donation, by upstreaming a bug fix or any kind of work that is beneficial to the dependency. +<h3 id="dedicated-to-forge-federation">Dedicated to forge federation<a class="zola-anchor" href="#dedicated-to-forge-federation" aria-label="Anchor link for: dedicated-to-forge-federation" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In the spirit of dogfooding, the people who created the technical stack of Gna! will use it for themselves on a daily basis. Since the focus of the authors is on <a href="https://forgefriends.org/blog/2022/06/30/2022-06-state-forge-federation/">forge federation</a>, they will add federation support in Hostea. This will be their primary motivation to improve and maintain Hostea: it is the only hosting platform where this can happen. + + + + Introducing Gna! + 2022-04-22T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-04-22T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/ + Introducing <a href="https://gna.org">Hostea</a>, a project <a href="https://dachary.org">Loïc +Dachary</a> and <a href="https://batsense.net">Aravinth +Manivannan</a> are working on to create a full Free +software development suite based on +<a href="https://gitea.io">Gitea</a> for the forge, <a href="https://woodpecker-ci.org">Woodpecker +CI</a> for CI/CD, +<a href="https://github.com/realaravinth/pages">Pages</a> for static sites and +<a href="https://gitpad.org">GitPad</a> for gists. +This talk introduces the projects goals and philosophy behind the +project. +Please see +<a href="https://forum.forgefriends.org/t/forgefriends-monthly-update-april-22st-2022-5pm-6pm-utc-2/673">here</a> +to learn more about the event. +<h2 id="details">Details<a class="zola-anchor" href="#details" aria-label="Anchor link for: details" + >#</a +> +</h2> +<ul> +<li>organised by: <a href="https://forgefriends.org">forgefriends.org</a></li> +<li>date: 2022th April, 2022</li> +<li>venue: Online</li> +</ul> +<h2 id="resources">Resources<a class="zola-anchor" href="#resources" aria-label="Anchor link for: resources" + >#</a +> +</h2> +<ul> +<li><a href="./slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.odp">slides(ODP)</a></li> +<li><a href="./slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.pdf">slides(PDF)</a></li> +</ul> + + + diff --git a/tags/forgefriends/index.html b/tags/forgefriends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7bfbf75 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/forgefriends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + forgefriends | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

+ +

#forgefriends

+ +

+ + + + +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/tags/free-software-sustainability/atom.xml b/tags/free-software-sustainability/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b605cb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/free-software-sustainability/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ + + + - free-software-sustainability + + + Zola + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/tags/free-software-sustainability/atom.xml + + Project plans for a hosted Gitea online service + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/ + This post was originally published on <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/02/16/project-plans-for-a-hosted-gitea-online-service/">Loïc Dachary's +blog</a>. +<hr /> +When an organization asks me about Gitea, I would like to direct them to +a provider where they can rent an instance and just use it, in the same +way they can go to https://discourse.org for a forum, or +https://nextcloud.com for storage. Instead of waiting for that to +happen, <a href="https://batsense.net/about/">Aravinth</a> and +<a href="https://dachary.org/">myself</a> decided to do something about it, in a +way that is in line with our shared values: transparency and Free +Software. +After doing some research we found counter examples that showed the +pitfalls to avoid. GitLab because its business model heavily relies on +selling proprietary licenses. CiviCRM because setting it up is complex +and requires training: users can't figure it out on their own. Gitea +images provided by Digital Ocean because they do not include security +upgrades. MySQL configured and run by AWS because of the vendor lock-in +that makes it impossible to self-host. +We concluded that an online service such as Gitea can be hosted in a +sustainable way as long as: +<ul> +<li>It is well maintained and upgrades itself</li> +<li>It can be self-hosted</li> +<li>The service can automatically be restored from backups when the +underlying resources fail</li> +</ul> +GitHub and GitLab make it look like there is a market around software +forges. It is however impossible to figure out if this market exists +only because it is based on proprietary software. How many of these +customers would pay for a Free Software hosted Gitea instance? +Even if these customers do exist, a new service provider would have to +figure out how to convince them to subscribe. The technical development +of the service can be done within weeks but building a sustainable +business takes much longer. Again, there were examples of what can go +wrong, for instance ElasticSearch. After years of work developing a +successful online service and a customer base, AWS entered the +competition and started to take it away from them. +The sustainability of the Free Software ecosystem is a new and very +difficult problem to solve. It is discussed more than it ever was in the +wake of security breaches originating from widely used and yet abandoned +library or disillusioned Free Software authors self-sabotaging their +next release, and everyone has diverging opinions. It falls on each Free +Software author to spend time to think about their own projects because +there are no handbook or good examples to follow. That is what Aravinth +and myself did to find a semblance of clarity and decide how to go about +this hosted Gitea service idea. +<h1 id="sustaining-free-software-online-services">Sustaining Free Software online services<a class="zola-anchor" href="#sustaining-free-software-online-services" aria-label="Anchor link for: sustaining-free-software-online-services" + >#</a +> +</h1> +<h2 id="more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services">More mature online services mean less opportunities to sell services<a class="zola-anchor" href="#more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services" aria-label="Anchor link for: more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services" + >#</a +> +</h2> +Ideally the software running an online service is rock solid and bugs +are so rare that it can run unattended. This is true of +https://wordpress.org and it is not uncommon for an instance to run for +years while upgrading themselves to get security patches. The cost of +maintaining such a service is negligible and hosting companies can offer +it for free to their customers. They make their profit by renting the +machines on which the service runs. +When the software is not as mature, it is more expensive to run. Bugs +need fixing, upgrades require manual intervention, users must be trained +to overcome the complexity of the user experience, etc. Well known +examples are Discourse or CiviCRM for which companies sell services to +overcome these issues. +But when an organization is both the author of the software and the +provider of paid services to compensate for its lack of maturity, it +creates a conflict of interest. Should they focus their effort on making +the software more mature, they would harm a business model that is based +on this very lack of maturity. For instance, if the author of a software +also sells training courses, they are not motivated to solve user +experience issues. If they did, it would lower the need for training +courses and reduce their income. +<h2 id="free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability">Free Software online services in the wake of the sustainability<a class="zola-anchor" href="#free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability" aria-label="Anchor link for: free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability" + >#</a +> +</h2> +crisis +Nowadays all Free Software authors struggle to get enough resources to +produce a steady stream of releases, even when the project is very +popular. This sustainability problem is getting more and more attention +as the number of Free Software projects in use world wide keeps growing. +Even the simplest online service relies on thousands of Free Software +projects, each of which needs work to keep going. Accidents caused by +poorly maintained Free Software projects become more frequent. +This Free Software sustainability crisis is barely emerging and very +much resembles ecological problems such as climate change. In both cases +it is very difficult to figure out how to properly care for the +resources that are consumed. After decades of advocacy, it is generally +accepted that fossil energy won't last forever but there still is a long +way to go. It will also take a long time for the Free Software community +to answer this simple question: how to sustain an ever growing library +of Free Software? +Luckily, it is relatively simpler to solve that problem for an online +service because it has users. They can be reminded that their assistance +is needed to keep the project afloat, for instance by a donation. A +proposition that would be much more difficult to make for the author of +a cryptographic library. Convincing users to pay for an online service +has the best chance of success when the author of the software is also +the service provider. This is the business model of Discourse and +Weblate, but it is relatively fragile because nothing stands in the way +of the competition. +A few years ago ElasticSearch successfully developed an online service +offering. But when AWS entered the competition and was better at +marketing it, ElasticSearch quickly realized they would likely go out of +business. They tried to fight back by <a href="https://www.elastic.co/blog/licensing-change">changing their +license</a>, which was the +wrong answer to a real problem. Discourse or Weblate are also likely to +face competition from hosting companies in the future and they may not +survive it. +In the end, the durable source of income for a Free Software online +service is to rent the resources (CPU/RAM/network/disk) it needs to run. +In other words only hosting companies can make a profit when running +such an online service. And for that reason they also need to share part +of the profits to ensure the sustainability of the Free Software service +their customers need. +<h1 id="online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software">Online services vendor lock-in is cured by Free Software<a class="zola-anchor" href="#online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software" aria-label="Anchor link for: online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software" + >#</a +> +</h1> +When hosting companies offer online services they also provide upgrades +and transparent recovery when the hardware fails. But none of them allow +the service to be self-hosted. When their price policy change, or when +the term of services ban users from a given country, migrating the +service elsewhere it costly and difficult. For instance when AWS runs +MySQL for their customers, they allow to download the data but not the +software that runs the proprietary AWS interface used to configure and +control the server. Another example is GitHub where the content of the +git repository can be downloaded but the code that runs GitHub itself is +not Free Software. +If a customer cannot run the same software as their service provider, +they are locked-in, even if they can download their data. It is a common +misconception to think that there is no vendor lock-in as long as it is +possible to download the data in an standard format. Migrating the data +from one software to another is, more often than not, time consuming and +costly to a point that it is effectively a blocker. A GitHub salesperson +would argue that it is possible for people to run GitHub Enterprise on +their own hardware. But the vendor lock-in is still present via the +proprietary license contract. The user experience, maintenance and +upgrades are still exclusively controlled by GitHub. +To guarantee their independence, the customers of an online service need +to be able to: +<ul> +<li>Download their data</li> +<li>Run the exact same Free Software as their service provider</li> +<li>Run the exact same Free Software infrastructure as code as their +service provider</li> +</ul> +The requirement regarding Free Software infrastructure as code refers +to, for instance, the AWS control panel and all that is behind it when +creating a new MySQL service. It includes whatever a competitor would +need to run the same online service. An example would be +https://enough.community, an infrastructure as code dedicated to +creating the services needed by whistleblowers and human rights +defenders. It consumes resources rented by hosting providers, assembles +disks and machines, setup monitoring and intrusion detection, installs +various online services and upgrades them. +The availability of the software that creates the infrastructure is not +only useful to the competitors of a service provider. It also benefits a +non-profit that wants to provide (for instance) Wordpress instances to +its members. Without it they would need to create something from scratch +using building blocks such as CiviCRM. Even though such building blocks +exist, this is a significant undertaking and effectively a blocker. +<h1 id="federated-online-services-and-durability">Federated online services and durability<a class="zola-anchor" href="#federated-online-services-and-durability" aria-label="Anchor link for: federated-online-services-and-durability" + >#</a +> +</h1> +All self-hosted services are in danger of losing the data they contain. +When a Wordpress service is hosted in a home and the machine dies, it +must be restored from backups... when there are backups. Hosting +companies ensure the durability of the data with their own backup +system. It creates a dilemma for people who are looking into self +hosting: independence is desirable, but is it worth taking the risk of +data loss? +Federated online services do not suffer from this problem, because they +can mirror each other. A Gitea instance that is federated with another +will mirror copies of software projects found on its peers. Should one +instance be destroyed, mirrored projects can be resurrected from the +federated instance. Not only is it a practical way to ensure the (rare) +failure of an entire datacenter, it also helps with the (more frequent) +destruction of self-hosted machines. Contrary to backups that require +special attention, the replication involved in federated online service +is built in and works continuously. There is no need for an extra backup +service that is very rarely used and therefore likely to fail when +needed. +Federated services are not yet mainstream and Gitea is one of the rare +services that started to implement the concept. In the interim, +customers of an online hosting service will need to worry about backups +to ensure the durability of their data. But the ultimate solution for +them won't be the emergence of an ideal backup infrastructure, it will +be replication (via federated services) that will continuously ensure +the durability of their data. +<h1 id="paths-forward">Paths forward<a class="zola-anchor" href="#paths-forward" aria-label="Anchor link for: paths-forward" + >#</a +> +</h1> +The Gitea project itself, following the footsteps of Discourse or +Weblate, could provide a hosting service. Part of its current user base +may become customers and there does not seem to be any blocker to make +that happen. As with most successful Free Software project, people +working on Gitea daily are already very busy and cannot engage in such a +long term project. But Aravinth and myself can, if they will have us. +Another path forward would be to wrap Gitea into a bundle that existing +hosting companies could easily use to provide such a service to their +customers. The biggest hosting companies are unlikely to be interested: +if Digital Ocean was to provide upgrades on top of their existing Gitea +image, they are more likely to rely on their internal staff to implement +that from scratch, as proprietary software integrated into their +existing infrastructure. But smaller hosting companies such as +https://Octopuce.fr or https://Easter-Eggs.com, who already deploy Gitea +instances for their customers, would use it if, for instance, it helped +with the upgrades. They would then kindly be reminded to give back a +share of their profits in order to sustain the development of the +service they deploy. +Finally it would also be possible to follow the example of GitLab in the +early days (before it turned to proprietary software) or Codeberg and +offer a free shared forge hosting service to build a user base. After a +few years, a percentage of the user base would convert to being paid +customers or donors to sustain the activity and part of the income would +be used to sustain the development of the service. + + + diff --git a/tags/free-software-sustainability/index.html b/tags/free-software-sustainability/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..817edb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/free-software-sustainability/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + free-software-sustainability | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

+ +

#free-software-sustainability

+ +

+ +
Project plans for a hosted Gitea online service
+
+ 18 + April + +, + 2022 · 11 min read +
+ +
When an organization asks me about Gitea, I would like to direct them to a provider where they can rent an instance and just use it
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #free-software + + #free-software-sustainability + +
+

+ + + + +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/tags/free-software/atom.xml b/tags/free-software/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef7aff4 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/free-software/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ + + + - free-software + + + Zola + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/tags/free-software/atom.xml + + Project plans for a hosted Gitea online service + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/ + This post was originally published on <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/02/16/project-plans-for-a-hosted-gitea-online-service/">Loïc Dachary's +blog</a>. +<hr /> +When an organization asks me about Gitea, I would like to direct them to +a provider where they can rent an instance and just use it, in the same +way they can go to https://discourse.org for a forum, or +https://nextcloud.com for storage. Instead of waiting for that to +happen, <a href="https://batsense.net/about/">Aravinth</a> and +<a href="https://dachary.org/">myself</a> decided to do something about it, in a +way that is in line with our shared values: transparency and Free +Software. +After doing some research we found counter examples that showed the +pitfalls to avoid. GitLab because its business model heavily relies on +selling proprietary licenses. CiviCRM because setting it up is complex +and requires training: users can't figure it out on their own. Gitea +images provided by Digital Ocean because they do not include security +upgrades. MySQL configured and run by AWS because of the vendor lock-in +that makes it impossible to self-host. +We concluded that an online service such as Gitea can be hosted in a +sustainable way as long as: +<ul> +<li>It is well maintained and upgrades itself</li> +<li>It can be self-hosted</li> +<li>The service can automatically be restored from backups when the +underlying resources fail</li> +</ul> +GitHub and GitLab make it look like there is a market around software +forges. It is however impossible to figure out if this market exists +only because it is based on proprietary software. How many of these +customers would pay for a Free Software hosted Gitea instance? +Even if these customers do exist, a new service provider would have to +figure out how to convince them to subscribe. The technical development +of the service can be done within weeks but building a sustainable +business takes much longer. Again, there were examples of what can go +wrong, for instance ElasticSearch. After years of work developing a +successful online service and a customer base, AWS entered the +competition and started to take it away from them. +The sustainability of the Free Software ecosystem is a new and very +difficult problem to solve. It is discussed more than it ever was in the +wake of security breaches originating from widely used and yet abandoned +library or disillusioned Free Software authors self-sabotaging their +next release, and everyone has diverging opinions. It falls on each Free +Software author to spend time to think about their own projects because +there are no handbook or good examples to follow. That is what Aravinth +and myself did to find a semblance of clarity and decide how to go about +this hosted Gitea service idea. +<h1 id="sustaining-free-software-online-services">Sustaining Free Software online services<a class="zola-anchor" href="#sustaining-free-software-online-services" aria-label="Anchor link for: sustaining-free-software-online-services" + >#</a +> +</h1> +<h2 id="more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services">More mature online services mean less opportunities to sell services<a class="zola-anchor" href="#more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services" aria-label="Anchor link for: more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services" + >#</a +> +</h2> +Ideally the software running an online service is rock solid and bugs +are so rare that it can run unattended. This is true of +https://wordpress.org and it is not uncommon for an instance to run for +years while upgrading themselves to get security patches. The cost of +maintaining such a service is negligible and hosting companies can offer +it for free to their customers. They make their profit by renting the +machines on which the service runs. +When the software is not as mature, it is more expensive to run. Bugs +need fixing, upgrades require manual intervention, users must be trained +to overcome the complexity of the user experience, etc. Well known +examples are Discourse or CiviCRM for which companies sell services to +overcome these issues. +But when an organization is both the author of the software and the +provider of paid services to compensate for its lack of maturity, it +creates a conflict of interest. Should they focus their effort on making +the software more mature, they would harm a business model that is based +on this very lack of maturity. For instance, if the author of a software +also sells training courses, they are not motivated to solve user +experience issues. If they did, it would lower the need for training +courses and reduce their income. +<h2 id="free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability">Free Software online services in the wake of the sustainability<a class="zola-anchor" href="#free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability" aria-label="Anchor link for: free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability" + >#</a +> +</h2> +crisis +Nowadays all Free Software authors struggle to get enough resources to +produce a steady stream of releases, even when the project is very +popular. This sustainability problem is getting more and more attention +as the number of Free Software projects in use world wide keeps growing. +Even the simplest online service relies on thousands of Free Software +projects, each of which needs work to keep going. Accidents caused by +poorly maintained Free Software projects become more frequent. +This Free Software sustainability crisis is barely emerging and very +much resembles ecological problems such as climate change. In both cases +it is very difficult to figure out how to properly care for the +resources that are consumed. After decades of advocacy, it is generally +accepted that fossil energy won't last forever but there still is a long +way to go. It will also take a long time for the Free Software community +to answer this simple question: how to sustain an ever growing library +of Free Software? +Luckily, it is relatively simpler to solve that problem for an online +service because it has users. They can be reminded that their assistance +is needed to keep the project afloat, for instance by a donation. A +proposition that would be much more difficult to make for the author of +a cryptographic library. Convincing users to pay for an online service +has the best chance of success when the author of the software is also +the service provider. This is the business model of Discourse and +Weblate, but it is relatively fragile because nothing stands in the way +of the competition. +A few years ago ElasticSearch successfully developed an online service +offering. But when AWS entered the competition and was better at +marketing it, ElasticSearch quickly realized they would likely go out of +business. They tried to fight back by <a href="https://www.elastic.co/blog/licensing-change">changing their +license</a>, which was the +wrong answer to a real problem. Discourse or Weblate are also likely to +face competition from hosting companies in the future and they may not +survive it. +In the end, the durable source of income for a Free Software online +service is to rent the resources (CPU/RAM/network/disk) it needs to run. +In other words only hosting companies can make a profit when running +such an online service. And for that reason they also need to share part +of the profits to ensure the sustainability of the Free Software service +their customers need. +<h1 id="online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software">Online services vendor lock-in is cured by Free Software<a class="zola-anchor" href="#online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software" aria-label="Anchor link for: online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software" + >#</a +> +</h1> +When hosting companies offer online services they also provide upgrades +and transparent recovery when the hardware fails. But none of them allow +the service to be self-hosted. When their price policy change, or when +the term of services ban users from a given country, migrating the +service elsewhere it costly and difficult. For instance when AWS runs +MySQL for their customers, they allow to download the data but not the +software that runs the proprietary AWS interface used to configure and +control the server. Another example is GitHub where the content of the +git repository can be downloaded but the code that runs GitHub itself is +not Free Software. +If a customer cannot run the same software as their service provider, +they are locked-in, even if they can download their data. It is a common +misconception to think that there is no vendor lock-in as long as it is +possible to download the data in an standard format. Migrating the data +from one software to another is, more often than not, time consuming and +costly to a point that it is effectively a blocker. A GitHub salesperson +would argue that it is possible for people to run GitHub Enterprise on +their own hardware. But the vendor lock-in is still present via the +proprietary license contract. The user experience, maintenance and +upgrades are still exclusively controlled by GitHub. +To guarantee their independence, the customers of an online service need +to be able to: +<ul> +<li>Download their data</li> +<li>Run the exact same Free Software as their service provider</li> +<li>Run the exact same Free Software infrastructure as code as their +service provider</li> +</ul> +The requirement regarding Free Software infrastructure as code refers +to, for instance, the AWS control panel and all that is behind it when +creating a new MySQL service. It includes whatever a competitor would +need to run the same online service. An example would be +https://enough.community, an infrastructure as code dedicated to +creating the services needed by whistleblowers and human rights +defenders. It consumes resources rented by hosting providers, assembles +disks and machines, setup monitoring and intrusion detection, installs +various online services and upgrades them. +The availability of the software that creates the infrastructure is not +only useful to the competitors of a service provider. It also benefits a +non-profit that wants to provide (for instance) Wordpress instances to +its members. Without it they would need to create something from scratch +using building blocks such as CiviCRM. Even though such building blocks +exist, this is a significant undertaking and effectively a blocker. +<h1 id="federated-online-services-and-durability">Federated online services and durability<a class="zola-anchor" href="#federated-online-services-and-durability" aria-label="Anchor link for: federated-online-services-and-durability" + >#</a +> +</h1> +All self-hosted services are in danger of losing the data they contain. +When a Wordpress service is hosted in a home and the machine dies, it +must be restored from backups... when there are backups. Hosting +companies ensure the durability of the data with their own backup +system. It creates a dilemma for people who are looking into self +hosting: independence is desirable, but is it worth taking the risk of +data loss? +Federated online services do not suffer from this problem, because they +can mirror each other. A Gitea instance that is federated with another +will mirror copies of software projects found on its peers. Should one +instance be destroyed, mirrored projects can be resurrected from the +federated instance. Not only is it a practical way to ensure the (rare) +failure of an entire datacenter, it also helps with the (more frequent) +destruction of self-hosted machines. Contrary to backups that require +special attention, the replication involved in federated online service +is built in and works continuously. There is no need for an extra backup +service that is very rarely used and therefore likely to fail when +needed. +Federated services are not yet mainstream and Gitea is one of the rare +services that started to implement the concept. In the interim, +customers of an online hosting service will need to worry about backups +to ensure the durability of their data. But the ultimate solution for +them won't be the emergence of an ideal backup infrastructure, it will +be replication (via federated services) that will continuously ensure +the durability of their data. +<h1 id="paths-forward">Paths forward<a class="zola-anchor" href="#paths-forward" aria-label="Anchor link for: paths-forward" + >#</a +> +</h1> +The Gitea project itself, following the footsteps of Discourse or +Weblate, could provide a hosting service. Part of its current user base +may become customers and there does not seem to be any blocker to make +that happen. As with most successful Free Software project, people +working on Gitea daily are already very busy and cannot engage in such a +long term project. But Aravinth and myself can, if they will have us. +Another path forward would be to wrap Gitea into a bundle that existing +hosting companies could easily use to provide such a service to their +customers. The biggest hosting companies are unlikely to be interested: +if Digital Ocean was to provide upgrades on top of their existing Gitea +image, they are more likely to rely on their internal staff to implement +that from scratch, as proprietary software integrated into their +existing infrastructure. But smaller hosting companies such as +https://Octopuce.fr or https://Easter-Eggs.com, who already deploy Gitea +instances for their customers, would use it if, for instance, it helped +with the upgrades. They would then kindly be reminded to give back a +share of their profits in order to sustain the development of the +service they deploy. +Finally it would also be possible to follow the example of GitLab in the +early days (before it turned to proprietary software) or Codeberg and +offer a free shared forge hosting service to build a user base. After a +few years, a percentage of the user base would convert to being paid +customers or donors to sustain the activity and part of the income would +be used to sustain the development of the service. + + + diff --git a/tags/free-software/index.html b/tags/free-software/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64589df --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/free-software/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + free-software | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

+ +

#free-software

+ +

+ +
Project plans for a hosted Gitea online service
+
+ 18 + April + +, + 2022 · 11 min read +
+ +
When an organization asks me about Gitea, I would like to direct them to a provider where they can rent an instance and just use it
+ +
+ + #gna + + #gitea + + #free-software + + #free-software-sustainability + +
+

+ + + + +

+ + +

+ + diff --git a/tags/gitea/atom.xml b/tags/gitea/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70a8c92 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/gitea/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,720 @@ + + + - gitea + + + Zola + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/tags/gitea/atom.xml + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 2: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/ + On June 21st, 2022 1.17.0-rc1 was published and the location of the gitconfig file moved to a new location, <a href="2022-06-23-1.17-breaking-episode-1">which required manual intervention</a>. This change impacted a large number of Gitea installations because the docker image tag latest <a href="https://mastodon.online/@hostea/108514134565401798">was set to 1.17.0-rc1</a> by accident. As a result, about 10,000 pulls per hour from the docker hub got the release candidate instead of the expected stable version. +Unfortunately moving the git home directory in 1.17.0-rc1 was implemented in way that created a security problem. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/20114">fix that was merged in Gitea</a> to fix it requires moving the gitconfig file and was released July 19th, 2022 in 1.17.0-rc2. +This would have been a minor inconvenience if it only has an impact on adventurous people trying the release candidate in a test environment. But since all Gitea production installations based on the latest tag were inadvertently upgraded to 1.17.0-rc1, the admins who moved their custom .gitconfig will need to move it one more time when upgrading to 1.17.0-rc2. +In 1.17.0-rc2, a custom .gitconfig must be moved manually to the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/config-cheat-sheet/#git-git">new git home directory</a> as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Data Root Path/home (which is <code>/data/gitea/home</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> + + + + Get a Gitea instance with CI at Gna! + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/experimental/ + Hosting a Gitea instance on Gna! is now possible (but still experimental). It is meant to be a minimum viable product: anyone can <a href="https://hosteadashboard.gna.org">create a new dedicated Gitea instance</a> within minutes and pay for it on a monthly basis with a credit card. It includes a dedicated CI based on <a href="https://woodpecker-ci.org/">Woodpecker</a>. The smallest instance costs 10€ per month (2GB RAM, 10GB disk, 1CPU) and will be a good fit for a freelance up to a team of five people but bigger instances are also available if more RAM, CPU or disk is required. +<video width="600" controls> + <source src="https://cloud.forgefriends.org/s/xXLcYpsE469tJEj/download?path=&files=hostea-screencast-vm-create.mp4" type="video/mp4" /> +</video> +The service is 100% infrastructure as code, published as <a href="https://lab.enough.community/main/infrastructure/-/tree/9e18ebbf675c8a65d1585d20b4cf6295af6e52ed/playbooks/hosteadashboard">Ansible playbooks within Enough</a>. It can be self-hosted on bare metal (with <a href="https://libvirt.org/">libvirt</a>) or in the cloud (with <a href="https://www.openstack.org/">OpenStack</a>): follow the <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html#quick-start">quick start</a>, configure playbooks for <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/services/hostea.html">hostea</a> and <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/services/hosteadashboard.html">the dashboard</a>. +The organization supporting Gna! is a <a href="https://forum.gna.org/c/governance-and-decisions/7">horizontal collective</a> of individuals and organizations. The <a href="https://forum.hostea.org/t/decision-revenue-sharing-model/92">revenue sharing model</a> is set to dedicate 25% of the income (more than the profits) to help the Free Software projects Hostea depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. +<h3 id="the-origin">The origin<a class="zola-anchor" href="#the-origin" aria-label="Anchor link for: the-origin" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In February 2022 the project of running a dedicated Gitea hosting service was <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/a-gitea-hosting-service-under-the-umbrella-of-the-gitea-project/4692">proposed to the Gitea project</a> and other organizations and <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/02/16/project-plans-for-a-hosted-gitea-online-service/">plans were drafted</a>. After a month of discussions it turned out to not be a <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/03/11/the-inconclusive-story-of-four-failed-project-offers/">good match for any of them</a>. +It was suggested to create a new project from scratch instead of joining an existing organization. However, in order to be sustainable, a hosting service needs customers willing to pay for the service. And nobody had that kind of skill. It was therefore decided that to terminate the project: there is no point is creating a technical stack that's not going to be used by anyone. +<h3 id="a-technical-stack-with-no-users">A technical stack with no users<a class="zola-anchor" href="#a-technical-stack-with-no-users" aria-label="Anchor link for: a-technical-stack-with-no-users" + >#</a +> +</h3> +The most common mistake technical people do when creating a new piece of software is to overlook the fact that they have absolutely no idea how to let their intended user base know about it. Maybe the reason it happens so often is because it is very difficult to resist the urge of creating something. Because that's what technical people love to do: create things, even when they have no clue if it can be used. +It took no longer than two weeks for the people involved in Gna! to decide to build the technical stack to run hostea instead of being reasonable and give up. It was just too tempting. +To keep the madness contained and enjoyable, it was decided to set a deadline to July 1st and to <a href="https://gitea.gna.org/Hostea/july-mvp/issues">define precise and realistic technical goals</a>. It turned out to be an enjoyable experience: everyone learned a lot in the process and the outcome is something that can be reproduced. Most MVPs are a brittle pile of hacks designed to last a few weeks and be thrown away. But since a primary goal of the project was to create something self-hostable, it had to implement that feature and therefore be reproducible. +<h3 id="a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model">A horizontal collective with a revenue sharing model<a class="zola-anchor" href="#a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model" aria-label="Anchor link for: a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Another goal of Gna! is to deploy federated forges, even at an experimental stage. Instead of creating a centralized organization to support Hostea, it was decided to create <a href="https://forum.gna.org/c/governance-and-decisions/7">horizontal collective</a>. It feels like a contradiction for a project committed to decentralization to be governed by a centralized organization. +The collective is composed of individuals and organizations but, unlike exclusively volunteer based Free Software projects, it is for profit. Customers rent Gitea instances by the month and the income is used to pay for expenses. There is however a difficulty: by nature a horizontal collective cannot be incorporated as it would create a level of hierarchy. The <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/decision-revenue-sharing-model/92">revenue sharing model</a> had to be set as an informal agreement between members where one of them receives the income and distributes it to the others, depending on their Gna! related expenses. +It also requires that 25% of the income (not the profits) is dedicated to help the Free Software projects that Gna! depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. It can be via a donation, by upstreaming a bug fix or any kind of work that is beneficial to the dependency. +<h3 id="dedicated-to-forge-federation">Dedicated to forge federation<a class="zola-anchor" href="#dedicated-to-forge-federation" aria-label="Anchor link for: dedicated-to-forge-federation" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In the spirit of dogfooding, the people who created the technical stack of Gna! will use it for themselves on a daily basis. Since the focus of the authors is on <a href="https://forgefriends.org/blog/2022/06/30/2022-06-state-forge-federation/">forge federation</a>, they will add federation support in Hostea. This will be their primary motivation to improve and maintain Hostea: it is the only hosting platform where this can happen. + + + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 1: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-1/ + Before version 1.17, when Gitea needed to change the <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config">git configuration</a>, it modified the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file. For instance it would <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/release/v1.16/modules/git/git.go#L174-L177">set core.quotePath to false</a>: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[core] + quotePath = false +</code></pre> +When installing Gitea <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">from docker</a> or <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker-rootless/">rootless</a> or even <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/">from binary</a> this <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file belongs to a user that is <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#prepare-environment">dedicated to Gitea</a> and not used by anyone else. +However, if an Gitea installation was done differently and <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> has been customized because it is shared by a user or another application, there is a good chance that manual modifications were done such as: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[user] + name = Jane Doe + email = jane@doe.com +</code></pre> +It is also possible that the file was modified manually by the Gitea admin for other reasons. In both there is a potential for breakage when upgrading to Gitea >= 1.17 because the location of the file changed. It must be moved manually to the new location as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Repository Root Path (which is <code>/data/git/repositories</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> +The reason why this breaking change was introduced is to workaround <a href="https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/">a rare problem</a> impacting Gitea installations relying on networked volumes. + + + + [tutorial] A gentle introduction to the gitea doctor + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/ + While helping people with their upgrades <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/migration-from-1-2-to-1-16-8/5309">in the Gitea forum</a> or <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/gitea-upgrade-from-1-14-1-to-1-16-8/90">at the Gna! clinic</a>, I realized that few Gitea admins know about the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/command-line/#doctor"><code>gitea doctor</code></a> command and decided to write this blog post as a gentle introduction. +<h3 id="an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away">An apple a day keeps the doctor away<a class="zola-anchor" href="#an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" aria-label="Anchor link for: an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Or in our case, Gitea versions <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.11.5/cmd/doctor.go">below 1.11.5</a>. Since then, the <code>gitea doctor</code> is available and is designed to run against a specific Gitea version. It would not be a good idea to try to run the doctor from Gitea 1.16 to verify the sanity of a Gitea 1.2 instance: it will be confused by how the database is organized and a number of other details. Historical fun fact: the <code>gitea doctor</code> was backported to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.5/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.5</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.6/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.6</a> and may be of help if you run this particular version and are facing the problem that motivated the backport. +With each version <code>gitea doctor</code> improves and gains new capabilities. For instance, in Gitea 1.17 it becomes aware of <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19731">orphaned pull requests</a> and is able to fix them. If such a problem exists in Gitea 1.16, it does not know about it. +<h3 id="calling-the-doctor">Calling the doctor<a class="zola-anchor" href="#calling-the-doctor" aria-label="Anchor link for: calling-the-doctor" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In the following, examples are based on a Gitea 1.16.8 instance you can run as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker run --name gitea -p 3000:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless +$ docker exec gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com +$ docker exec gitea mkdir /var/lib/gitea/data/log +</code></pre> +And then you can go to the <a href="https://127.0.0.1:3000/">web interface</a> to create a <code>test</code> repository, with an initial <code>README.md</code> file. When this is done the doctor can be called as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --all +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/etc/gitea/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/custom" + - [I] Work directory: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/data/log" +OK +[2] Check if there is garbage storage files +OK +[3] Check Database Version +OK +[4] Check consistency of database +OK +[5] Check if user with wrong type exist +OK +[6] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +[7] Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + - [I] ScriptType bash is on the current PATH at /bin/bash +OK +[8] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +[9] Recalculate Stars number for all user +OK +[10] Check old archives + - [I] 0 old archives in repository need to be deleted +OK +[11] Enable push options + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +OK +[12] Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + - [W] Found 0 broken repo_units +OK +[13] Recalculate merge bases + - [W] 0 PRs with incorrect mergebases of 0 PRs total in 1 repos +OK +[14] Check git-daemon-export-ok files + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +</code></pre> +<h3 id="what-does-the-doctor-know">What does the doctor know?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-does-the-doctor-know" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-does-the-doctor-know" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Although the <code>doctor</code> can be compared to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fsck">fsck(8)</a>, it does not know everything. It took decades for <code>fsck</code> to become the ultimate authority on finding problems on file systems and reliably fixing them without losing data. Nowadays, only a handful of people in the world are brave enough to manually attempt a file system recovery when <code>fsck</code> cannot recover from a data loss. +The first <code>doctor</code> version is two years old and Gitea admins are still routinely running SQL queries against the database or moving files around when trying to figure out why a Gitea instance is not behaving as it should. It is however worth checking if the doctor does not already have a solution by listing all it can do: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --list +Default Name Title +* paths Check paths and basic configuration + storages Check if there is garbage storage files +* check-db-version Check Database Version + check-db-consistency Check consistency of database +* check-user-type Check if user with wrong type exist +* authorized-keys Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date + script-type Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + hooks Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + recalculate-stars-number Recalculate Stars number for all user + check-old-archives Check old archives + enable-push-options Enable push options + fix-broken-repo-units Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + recalculate-merge-bases Recalculate merge bases + check-git-daemon-export-ok Check git-daemon-export-ok files +</code></pre> +And then call the <code>check</code> that looks interesting: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run authorized-keys +[1] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +</code></pre> +The challenge is to figure out which <code>check</code> does what and at the moment the best source of information is ... <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8">the sources</a> themselves. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/cmd/doctor.go">doctor.go</a> command is the entry point and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8/modules/doctor">the doctor directory</a> contains the rest. +Some <code>checks</code> are straightforward to understand, even if you do not know Go, such as <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/modules/doctor/authorizedkeys.go">the authorized-keys check</a>. Others are much more involved and your best chance is to <a href="https://matrix.to/#/#gitea:matrix.org">ask the Gitea chatroom</a> for help. +<h3 id="is-it-going-to-hurt">Is it going to hurt?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#is-it-going-to-hurt" aria-label="Anchor link for: is-it-going-to-hurt" + >#</a +> +</h3> +By default the doctor (very much like <code>fsck -N</code>) only performs non destructive checks and displays diagnostics, with an indication of how serious the problem is. In the example above, there only are lines with [I] (which indicates an information) and [W] which indicates a warning that can be ignored but may be worth looking into. Those two warnings are actually just informational and should be labelled as [I], <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19836">which has been fixed</a> in a more recent version of the doctor. +Now let's do something bad: remove the permissions from a hook in our repository: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea chmod -x /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive +</code></pre> +Run the doctor with the <code>check</code> supposed to find that out: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +Ask it to fix this with the <code>--fix</code> flag: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks --fix +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] Regenerated hooks for root/test + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +And run it one last time to check all is well: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +</code></pre> +Even when the doctor is unable to fix a problem, it can help by showing extensive debug output which can be found, by default, in the <code>doctor.log</code> file in the directory from which it runs. Or it can be displayed on the standard output with <code>--log-file -</code>, which is most convenient when running in docker. +<h3 id="going-further">Going further<a class="zola-anchor" href="#going-further" aria-label="Anchor link for: going-further" + >#</a +> +</h3> +If that was helpful to you, I would very much appreciate if you <a href="https://mastodon.online/@dachary">send me a message on Mastodon</a>. It will encourage me to write more blog posts to share what I learn about Gitea. Even better: you could <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pulls">send a pull request</a> to improve the doctor and help it mature. + + + + [solved] Zombies created by Gitea + 2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies-part-2/ + Gitea can <a href="/blog/zombies">create zombies</a>, for instance if a Git mirror takes too long. When updating a mirror, Gitea relies on the <code>git remote update</code> command which creates a child process, <code>git-remote-https</code>, to fetch data from the remote repository. Gitea has an internal timeout that will kill the child process (e.g. <code>git remote update</code>) when it takes too long but will not kill the grandchild. This grandchild will become an orphan and run forever or until its own timeout expires, which is about two minutes on git version 2.25. +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ time git clone https://4.4.4.4 +Clonage dans '4.4.4.4'... +fatal: impossible d'accéder à 'https://4.4.4.4/': Failed to connect to 4.4.4.4 port 443: Connexion terminée par expiration du délai d'attente + +real 2m9,753s +user 0m0,001s +sys 0m0,009s +</code></pre> +As explained in the <a href="/blog/zombies/#killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children">diagnostic blog post regarding Gitea zombies</a> there fortunately is a very simple way to avoid this by making sure each Gitea child is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_group">process group leader</a>. That first step was <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19865">introduced in Gitea 1.17</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19865">backported to Gitea 1.16.9</a>. The actual bug fix can now be implemented. +<h3 id="using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children">Using negative process id to kill children<a class="zola-anchor" href="#using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children" aria-label="Anchor link for: using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children" + >#</a +> +</h3> +When Gitea timeout on a child, it relies on <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/blob/f8a53df314e4af8cd350eedb0dae77d4c4fc30d0/src/os/exec/exec.go#L650">os.Process.Kill</a> which translates into a using the kill(2) system call to send a SIGKILL signal to unconditionally terminate it: <code>kill(pid, SIGKILL)</code>. Using a negative pid with <code>kill(-pid, SIGKILL)</code> will also terminate all processes created by Gitea's child, without Gitea knowing when or why they were created. From the kill(2) manual page: +<blockquote> +If pid is less than -1, then sig is sent to every process in the process group whose ID is -pid. +</blockquote> +Which is implemented as follows in the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec.go#L130">Friendly Forge Format library</a>: +<blockquote> +<code>syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)</code> +</blockquote> +<h3 id="not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext">Not using the default Go CommandContext<a class="zola-anchor" href="#not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext" aria-label="Anchor link for: not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Since <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/os/exec#CommandContext">CommandContext</a> does not allow to send a signal to the negative pid of the child process, it has to be implemented by Gitea itself, in a way that is similar to how the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec.go#L75-82">Friendly Forge Format library</a> does it: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code> ctxErr := watchCtx(ctx, cmd.Process.Pid) + err = cmd.Wait() + interruptErr := <-ctxErr + // If cmd.Wait returned an error, prefer that. + // Otherwise, report any error from the interrupt goroutine. + if interruptErr != nil && err == nil { + err = interruptErr + } +</code></pre> +<h3 id="testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed">Testing the bug is fixed and stays fixed<a class="zola-anchor" href="#testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed" aria-label="Anchor link for: testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Long standing bugs that are difficult to reproduce manually such as this one require robust testing to ensure that: +<ul> +<li>the diagnostic identifying the root cause is correct</li> +<li>the bug fix works</li> +<li>it does not resurface insidiously because of a subtle regression introduce years later</li> +</ul> +It is easy to implement as can be seen in the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L44-76">Friendly Forge Format library</a>. In a nutshell: +<ul> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L53">git clone https://4.4.4.4</a> which will hang because of firewall rules</li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L60-65">wait for the git-remote-https</a> grandchild process to be spawned</li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L67-68">cancel the context and wait for the goroutine to terminate</a></li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L70-75">verify the git-remote-https is killed</a></li> +</ul> +And with that... no more zombies! + + + + [diagnostic] Zombies created by Gitea + 2022-06-02T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-02T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies/ + The first <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/3242">issue about zombie processes</a> created by Gitea was reported in 2017 and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/13987">resurfaced</a> on a <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19077">regular basis</a>. Although it does not look pretty, zombie processes are leftovers that do not consume resources and never caused any kind of harm. Here is one scenario that will create a zombie: +<ul> +<li>Gitea updates a mirror by spawning the process <code>git remote update</code></li> +<li><code>git remote update</code> spawns yet another process, <code>git fetch</code></li> +<li><code>git fetch</code> is stuck, for instance because of network problems, and Gitea eventually times out</li> +<li>Gitea kill the process <code>git remote update</code></li> +<li>When killed <code>git remote update</code> does not kill its own child and <code>git fetch</code> becomes an orphaned process which keeps running</li> +<li>When <code>git fetch</code> eventually completes it becomes a zombie because its original parent is no longer around to wait on it</li> +</ul> +<h3 id="pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans">PID 1 process and waiting on orphans<a class="zola-anchor" href="#pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans" aria-label="Anchor link for: pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans" + >#</a +> +</h3> +This scenario is not unique to Gitea and it is such a common pattern that safeguards have been implemented to mitigate the proliferation of zombies. Orphaned process are automatically attached to the process with PID 1, which is expected to wait on every process, whether it created them or not. When Gitea is installed from binary on GNU/Linux this is <code>/bin/init</code> and when Gitea runs from the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/6171ea7d318c0ca8714bc6efd6a97ea4b495eb6d/Dockerfile">default docker image</a> this is <code>s6</code>: they will both wait on orphaned processes and there won't be any zombies. +<h3 id="what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process">What if Gitea is the only running process?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process" + >#</a +> +</h3> +But when Gitea runs from the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/6171ea7d318c0ca8714bc6efd6a97ea4b495eb6d/Dockerfile.rootless">rootless docker image</a>, Gitea is the only process running in the container. Orphaned processes will have Gitea as a parent but will not wait on them and they will stay in a zombie state forever. To reproduce this problem in a minimal way: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker run --name gitea -p 8080:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless +$ docker exec --user 1000 gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com +</code></pre> +The <code>git</code> command can then be replaced with a script that waits forever: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ ( echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nsleep infinity' ) | docker exec -i --user root gitea tee /usr/bin/git +$ docker exec --user root gitea chmod +x /usr/bin/git +</code></pre> +Trying to create a repository from the web interface will create the conditions for a zombie to show: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 164 git {git} /bin/bash /usr/bin/git -c credential.helper= -c protocol.version=2 -c uploadpack.allowfilter=true -c uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant=true init --bare + 164 165 sleep sleep infinity +</code></pre> +When the <code>git</code> process is killed by Gitea, the <code>sleep</code> child will be orphaned: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 165 sleep sleep infinity +</code></pre> +Killing it will turn it into a zombie: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea kill 165 +$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 165 sleep [sleep] +</code></pre> +<h3 id="killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children">Killing a child process and all its children<a class="zola-anchor" href="#killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children" aria-label="Anchor link for: killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children" + >#</a +> +</h3> +There should be no need for an admin running Gitea to worry about those gory details, it should be taken care of regardless of the environment Gitea runs in. Fortunately there is a very simple way to avoid the creation of zombies by ensuring that all Gitea child process are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_group">process group leaders</a>. In a nutshell it means that when the child is killed all its children and grand children are also killed. + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.15 and up: path not found or permission denied + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/path-not-found/ + In Gitea 1.15 the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/custom/conf/app.example.ini">app.example.ini</a> file was changed to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/commit/4a84022d2559ccfc99960c7c654ee8b9b38664f7">comment out most of the values</a>. The assumption was that all values exactly matched the defaults <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/setting/setting.go">in the source code</a>. However, there are differences, for instance for <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/modules/setting/setting.go#L771">APP_DATA_PATH</a>. Before Gitea 1.15, <code>app.example.ini</code> contained: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the directory from which the Gitea server was running. In Gitea 1.15 up to 1.16, it was commented out: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. +When a distribution such as voidlinux <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/master/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch">uses app.example.ini</a> as a base for the Gitea package, this change indirectly creates a regression and an upgrade of Gitea <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19367">fails with errors</a> such as <code>unable to open level db at data/data/queues/common: mkdir data: permission denied</code>. The regression did not show as soon as Gitea 1.15 became available in voidlinux because the package <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/7fc9190f0e0d557dd5031e68df4e183892d4315b/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch#L62">explicitly set <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code></a>. But this <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/19d986a2cae9ce73d32552ddb62443b5e7fa13e2">changed when Gitea 1.15.6 was packaged</a> and once the value was commented out, upgrading triggered the problem. This was worked around six month later with the <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/44b6c96fa12ce9d993c7a2ac9486d892735b7e3a">Gitea 1.16.8</a> package. +The <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code> directory is not the only one, the <code>[log] ROOT_PATH</code> is another example. There is an <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19815">ongoing effort</a> to improve the situation in Gitea 1.17. With the downside of introducing breaking changes that will have an impact on all Gitea installations because the content of the <code>app.ini</code> file will be interpreted differently. In the case of <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code>, both: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +will be interpreted to be relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. Every Gitea installation using APP_DATA_PATH = data will need to update the value to be an absolute path such as /var/lib/gitea/data so that it keeps pointing to the expected directory. +In order to prepare for the change or ensure the consistency of all path, there fortunately is a very simple solution: always use absolute paths in the <code>app.ini</code> configuration file. + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.16.[678] error: fatal: unsafe repository is owned by someone else + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/ + April 12, 2022 version <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqv8veb5i6.fsf@gitster.g/">git v2.35.2</a> was released and addresses a security issue <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. It was backported to 2.30.3, v2.31.2, v2.32.1, v2.33.2, and v2.34.2 and published by distributions such as <a href="https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-24765">Debian GNU/Linux</a>, <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +If Gitea runs as user <code>foo</code>, calls a patched Git version and a parent directory of the git repositories is owned by a user other than <code>foo</code>, it will fail with a message such as: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>Failed to open repository: Git/Data Error: exit status 128 - fatal: unsafe repository ('/data/git/repositories/git/data.git' is owned by someone else) +</code></pre> +This started to show in the past few weeks to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455">users running the Gitea binary on Windows</a> who also independently installed git v2.36. And then to people running <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106331149">Gitea from snap</a>, on <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106312061">a Synology NAS</a> and then people running from <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/Dockerfile#L2">Gitea docker images</a> which is based on <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +<h3 id="workarounds">Workarounds<a class="zola-anchor" href="#workarounds" aria-label="Anchor link for: workarounds" + >#</a +> +</h3> +<ul> +<li>If using <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/gitea/gitea">Gitea docker images</a>: +<ul> +<li>upgrade to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">Gitea >=1.16.9</a> or 1.17, both have git >=2.36</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>If the Gitea binary was installed independently of git, upgrade git to a version that is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a> and disable the security check entirely with: +<ul> +<li>impersonate the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">user dedicated to Gitea</a> (usually git)</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<h3 id="bug-fix">Bug fix<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix" + >#</a +> +</h3> +The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19870">bug fix</a> is for Gitea to ensure <code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code> is set on its <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">dedicated user</a> when it initializes. It is effective on the condition that the git CLI version is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a>. +<h3 id="bug-fix-rationale">Bug fix rationale<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix-rationale" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix-rationale" + >#</a +> +</h3> +It is safe to <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs">disable the security check in Gitea</a>. It is not vulnerable to <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a> because it calls the git CLI <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/command.go#L160">after changing its working directory</a> to be the git repository targeted by the command (for instance <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/diff.go#L38-L45">diff</a>) or a temporary directory. Therefore it will not explore the parent directories looking for a git configuration file. +The security check is triggered because the repository is owned by an unexpected user (root instead of git typically) and not because a parent directory is owned by an unexpected user. This, in itself, is a problem worth investigating but it is unrelated and was revealed by the newer security check of git even though it does not match the threat described in <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. +It appears non trivial to enforce a consistent ownership of files and directories, either within docker or outside docker when networked file systems are involved. The Gitea server was not troubled by this inconsistency so far because the permissions allow it to write and read where expected, regardless of the owner. It is not worth looking into but it is ancient and unrelated. +Gitea runs under a dedicated user, either when installed <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">from binary</a> or from <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">docker</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/git.go#L196-L207">modifies the global git configuration</a> depending on the git version at initialization time. Fixing the problem can therefore be done by <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs#bcd72ff867cbd1ddd5b6518c3a05b5f1a6021286_209_209">disabling the security check in the global git config file at initialization time</a>. It also requires a minimum version of git 2.36 to be installed, which is the case for Gitea docker images with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">versions >= 1.16.9</a>. + + + + [solved] blank or error 500 page after login + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/ + The <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/upgrade-from-gitea/#upgrade-from-binary">instructions to upgrade a Gitea instance</a> only require three to four steps. They work fine most of the time but the documentation is lacking a "Troubleshooting" section to help out when something goes wrong. Maintaining instructions on how to diagnose and fix upgrade problems is an ambitious undertaking and requires updates every time a new case is discovered. +An <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/things-to-know-about-gitea-upgrades/39">inventory of the known upgrade issues</a> was started to figure out how to structure such a section in the documentation. The <a href="https://blog.gitea.io/">release notes</a> were analyzed all the way back to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.9.6">Gitea 1.9.6</a> and the work is still in progress. Here is a sample of the tips that will be included: +<ul> +<li>Upgrade directly to the latest Gitea version, there is no need to upgrade to intermediate versions.</li> +<li>If the upgrade from version x.y to version x.y+2 fails and there is a need to narrow down the problem, try upgrading to the latest minor version of each major version and verify it works.</li> +<li>etc.</li> +</ul> +However, even with the best documentation, someone will eventually run into an new problem and fixing it without compromising the integrity of the data will be challenging. This is best demonstrated by a real world example that was concluded a few days ago. +<h1 id="getting-help-from-the-community">Getting help from the community<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-help-from-the-community" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-help-from-the-community" + >#</a +> +</h1> +After <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">upgrading a Gitea intsance from 1.9.6 to 1.16.5</a> the tests conducted manually did not uncover any problem. However, after going to production, some users saw a blank page after login and had to manually type the URL of the project they wanted to see in the browser. The person in charge of the upgrade never had to diagnose Gitea problem and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">reached out in the Gitea forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: explain the problem in a public forum as early as possible to get help from the community +</blockquote> +In their post in the forum they explained how they attempted to diagnose the problem and how why they thought that only users created a few years ago were impacted. It was a detailed analysis that was concluded with a partial copy of the logs. It was unfortunately missing <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">key information</a> that was provided only three days later. In the meantime, as they could not figure out the source of the problem, they were on the verge of <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/11">accepting the loss of all the Gitea database</a> and start over from the repositories. However, once all the details were available, <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">a workaround</a> was suggested in the forum. +<blockquote> +Tip: focus more on providing detailed facts than exposing the attempted diagnostic +</blockquote> +There was hope to fix Gitea and in the following days they applied the workaround. They also tried to improve it but without success and eventually accepted a partial data loss as inevitable and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">reported their success back to the forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: when getting support from the community, providing feedback is the best token of appreciation +</blockquote> +<h1 id="getting-professional-help">Getting professional help<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-professional-help" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-professional-help" + >#</a +> +</h1> +The <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">Gna! Clinic</a> is a collective of individual and companies that provides professional services to Gitea admins. They are active members of the Gitea community who <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/u/dachary/activity">help out</a> as volunteers. They can also be hired to resolve the more complicated cases. +The Gitea instance that was in trouble required more than a few minutes of work and access to the database content for a proper diagnostic. They <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">proposed their assistance</a> but although <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/user-research-about-gitea-upgrade-experiences-call-for-volunteers/5063/2">well received</a>, it was not accepted. +When the Gitea admin explained how they chose to resolve the problem <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">on the forum</a>, it confirmed the workaround was viable and the root problem was identified. That was enough to figure out a fix for the underlying bug with <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a rather simple patch</a> that was merged <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">and backported</a> in the following days. But it happened too late to avoid the data loss. +To summarize with a timeline, here is what happened: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login and a the Gitea admin tries to diagnose the problem</li> +<li>J+2: A message is sent to ask for help in the community</li> +<li>J+2 to J+6: Three people in the community suggest ideas but the Gitea admin cannot figure out the root cause and is on the verge of accepting the loss of all Gitea data and restart from the git repositories</li> +<li>J+6: A workaround is suggested by the community</li> +<li>J+7 to J+17: The Gitea admin applies the workaround and only looses part of the Gitea data</li> +</ul> +And in retrospect, here is what could have happened instead: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login</li> +<li>J+1: The Gitea admin <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">reaches out to someone at the Gna! Clinic</a></li> +<li>J+2: The <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">logs of the Gitea instance</a> are analyzed, the root cause diagnosed and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a patch</a> is created to fix it.</li> +<li>J+3: If necessary a Gitea binary is created with the patch and used as a temporary replacement until the next point release is published with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">the backport</a>. The Gitea admin runs the patched Gitea binary in the meantime. There is no data loss.</li> +</ul> +It does not mean all upgrade problems can be resolved so easily. But it shows, with an example, that in some cases it makes sense to get professional help. + + + + Project plans for a hosted Gitea online service + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/ + This post was originally published on <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/02/16/project-plans-for-a-hosted-gitea-online-service/">Loïc Dachary's +blog</a>. +<hr /> +When an organization asks me about Gitea, I would like to direct them to +a provider where they can rent an instance and just use it, in the same +way they can go to https://discourse.org for a forum, or +https://nextcloud.com for storage. Instead of waiting for that to +happen, <a href="https://batsense.net/about/">Aravinth</a> and +<a href="https://dachary.org/">myself</a> decided to do something about it, in a +way that is in line with our shared values: transparency and Free +Software. +After doing some research we found counter examples that showed the +pitfalls to avoid. GitLab because its business model heavily relies on +selling proprietary licenses. CiviCRM because setting it up is complex +and requires training: users can't figure it out on their own. Gitea +images provided by Digital Ocean because they do not include security +upgrades. MySQL configured and run by AWS because of the vendor lock-in +that makes it impossible to self-host. +We concluded that an online service such as Gitea can be hosted in a +sustainable way as long as: +<ul> +<li>It is well maintained and upgrades itself</li> +<li>It can be self-hosted</li> +<li>The service can automatically be restored from backups when the +underlying resources fail</li> +</ul> +GitHub and GitLab make it look like there is a market around software +forges. It is however impossible to figure out if this market exists +only because it is based on proprietary software. How many of these +customers would pay for a Free Software hosted Gitea instance? +Even if these customers do exist, a new service provider would have to +figure out how to convince them to subscribe. The technical development +of the service can be done within weeks but building a sustainable +business takes much longer. Again, there were examples of what can go +wrong, for instance ElasticSearch. After years of work developing a +successful online service and a customer base, AWS entered the +competition and started to take it away from them. +The sustainability of the Free Software ecosystem is a new and very +difficult problem to solve. It is discussed more than it ever was in the +wake of security breaches originating from widely used and yet abandoned +library or disillusioned Free Software authors self-sabotaging their +next release, and everyone has diverging opinions. It falls on each Free +Software author to spend time to think about their own projects because +there are no handbook or good examples to follow. That is what Aravinth +and myself did to find a semblance of clarity and decide how to go about +this hosted Gitea service idea. +<h1 id="sustaining-free-software-online-services">Sustaining Free Software online services<a class="zola-anchor" href="#sustaining-free-software-online-services" aria-label="Anchor link for: sustaining-free-software-online-services" + >#</a +> +</h1> +<h2 id="more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services">More mature online services mean less opportunities to sell services<a class="zola-anchor" href="#more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services" aria-label="Anchor link for: more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services" + >#</a +> +</h2> +Ideally the software running an online service is rock solid and bugs +are so rare that it can run unattended. This is true of +https://wordpress.org and it is not uncommon for an instance to run for +years while upgrading themselves to get security patches. The cost of +maintaining such a service is negligible and hosting companies can offer +it for free to their customers. They make their profit by renting the +machines on which the service runs. +When the software is not as mature, it is more expensive to run. Bugs +need fixing, upgrades require manual intervention, users must be trained +to overcome the complexity of the user experience, etc. Well known +examples are Discourse or CiviCRM for which companies sell services to +overcome these issues. +But when an organization is both the author of the software and the +provider of paid services to compensate for its lack of maturity, it +creates a conflict of interest. Should they focus their effort on making +the software more mature, they would harm a business model that is based +on this very lack of maturity. For instance, if the author of a software +also sells training courses, they are not motivated to solve user +experience issues. If they did, it would lower the need for training +courses and reduce their income. +<h2 id="free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability">Free Software online services in the wake of the sustainability<a class="zola-anchor" href="#free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability" aria-label="Anchor link for: free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability" + >#</a +> +</h2> +crisis +Nowadays all Free Software authors struggle to get enough resources to +produce a steady stream of releases, even when the project is very +popular. This sustainability problem is getting more and more attention +as the number of Free Software projects in use world wide keeps growing. +Even the simplest online service relies on thousands of Free Software +projects, each of which needs work to keep going. Accidents caused by +poorly maintained Free Software projects become more frequent. +This Free Software sustainability crisis is barely emerging and very +much resembles ecological problems such as climate change. In both cases +it is very difficult to figure out how to properly care for the +resources that are consumed. After decades of advocacy, it is generally +accepted that fossil energy won't last forever but there still is a long +way to go. It will also take a long time for the Free Software community +to answer this simple question: how to sustain an ever growing library +of Free Software? +Luckily, it is relatively simpler to solve that problem for an online +service because it has users. They can be reminded that their assistance +is needed to keep the project afloat, for instance by a donation. A +proposition that would be much more difficult to make for the author of +a cryptographic library. Convincing users to pay for an online service +has the best chance of success when the author of the software is also +the service provider. This is the business model of Discourse and +Weblate, but it is relatively fragile because nothing stands in the way +of the competition. +A few years ago ElasticSearch successfully developed an online service +offering. But when AWS entered the competition and was better at +marketing it, ElasticSearch quickly realized they would likely go out of +business. They tried to fight back by <a href="https://www.elastic.co/blog/licensing-change">changing their +license</a>, which was the +wrong answer to a real problem. Discourse or Weblate are also likely to +face competition from hosting companies in the future and they may not +survive it. +In the end, the durable source of income for a Free Software online +service is to rent the resources (CPU/RAM/network/disk) it needs to run. +In other words only hosting companies can make a profit when running +such an online service. And for that reason they also need to share part +of the profits to ensure the sustainability of the Free Software service +their customers need. +<h1 id="online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software">Online services vendor lock-in is cured by Free Software<a class="zola-anchor" href="#online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software" aria-label="Anchor link for: online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software" + >#</a +> +</h1> +When hosting companies offer online services they also provide upgrades +and transparent recovery when the hardware fails. But none of them allow +the service to be self-hosted. When their price policy change, or when +the term of services ban users from a given country, migrating the +service elsewhere it costly and difficult. For instance when AWS runs +MySQL for their customers, they allow to download the data but not the +software that runs the proprietary AWS interface used to configure and +control the server. Another example is GitHub where the content of the +git repository can be downloaded but the code that runs GitHub itself is +not Free Software. +If a customer cannot run the same software as their service provider, +they are locked-in, even if they can download their data. It is a common +misconception to think that there is no vendor lock-in as long as it is +possible to download the data in an standard format. Migrating the data +from one software to another is, more often than not, time consuming and +costly to a point that it is effectively a blocker. A GitHub salesperson +would argue that it is possible for people to run GitHub Enterprise on +their own hardware. But the vendor lock-in is still present via the +proprietary license contract. The user experience, maintenance and +upgrades are still exclusively controlled by GitHub. +To guarantee their independence, the customers of an online service need +to be able to: +<ul> +<li>Download their data</li> +<li>Run the exact same Free Software as their service provider</li> +<li>Run the exact same Free Software infrastructure as code as their +service provider</li> +</ul> +The requirement regarding Free Software infrastructure as code refers +to, for instance, the AWS control panel and all that is behind it when +creating a new MySQL service. It includes whatever a competitor would +need to run the same online service. An example would be +https://enough.community, an infrastructure as code dedicated to +creating the services needed by whistleblowers and human rights +defenders. It consumes resources rented by hosting providers, assembles +disks and machines, setup monitoring and intrusion detection, installs +various online services and upgrades them. +The availability of the software that creates the infrastructure is not +only useful to the competitors of a service provider. It also benefits a +non-profit that wants to provide (for instance) Wordpress instances to +its members. Without it they would need to create something from scratch +using building blocks such as CiviCRM. Even though such building blocks +exist, this is a significant undertaking and effectively a blocker. +<h1 id="federated-online-services-and-durability">Federated online services and durability<a class="zola-anchor" href="#federated-online-services-and-durability" aria-label="Anchor link for: federated-online-services-and-durability" + >#</a +> +</h1> +All self-hosted services are in danger of losing the data they contain. +When a Wordpress service is hosted in a home and the machine dies, it +must be restored from backups... when there are backups. Hosting +companies ensure the durability of the data with their own backup +system. It creates a dilemma for people who are looking into self +hosting: independence is desirable, but is it worth taking the risk of +data loss? +Federated online services do not suffer from this problem, because they +can mirror each other. A Gitea instance that is federated with another +will mirror copies of software projects found on its peers. Should one +instance be destroyed, mirrored projects can be resurrected from the +federated instance. Not only is it a practical way to ensure the (rare) +failure of an entire datacenter, it also helps with the (more frequent) +destruction of self-hosted machines. Contrary to backups that require +special attention, the replication involved in federated online service +is built in and works continuously. There is no need for an extra backup +service that is very rarely used and therefore likely to fail when +needed. +Federated services are not yet mainstream and Gitea is one of the rare +services that started to implement the concept. In the interim, +customers of an online hosting service will need to worry about backups +to ensure the durability of their data. But the ultimate solution for +them won't be the emergence of an ideal backup infrastructure, it will +be replication (via federated services) that will continuously ensure +the durability of their data. +<h1 id="paths-forward">Paths forward<a class="zola-anchor" href="#paths-forward" aria-label="Anchor link for: paths-forward" + >#</a +> +</h1> +The Gitea project itself, following the footsteps of Discourse or +Weblate, could provide a hosting service. Part of its current user base +may become customers and there does not seem to be any blocker to make +that happen. As with most successful Free Software project, people +working on Gitea daily are already very busy and cannot engage in such a +long term project. But Aravinth and myself can, if they will have us. +Another path forward would be to wrap Gitea into a bundle that existing +hosting companies could easily use to provide such a service to their +customers. The biggest hosting companies are unlikely to be interested: +if Digital Ocean was to provide upgrades on top of their existing Gitea +image, they are more likely to rely on their internal staff to implement +that from scratch, as proprietary software integrated into their +existing infrastructure. But smaller hosting companies such as +https://Octopuce.fr or https://Easter-Eggs.com, who already deploy Gitea +instances for their customers, would use it if, for instance, it helped +with the upgrades. They would then kindly be reminded to give back a +share of their profits in order to sustain the development of the +service they deploy. +Finally it would also be possible to follow the example of GitLab in the +early days (before it turned to proprietary software) or Codeberg and +offer a free shared forge hosting service to build a user base. After a +few years, a percentage of the user base would convert to being paid +customers or donors to sustain the activity and part of the income would +be used to sustain the development of the service. + + + diff --git a/tags/gitea/index.html b/tags/gitea/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..71f9e61 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/gitea/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,560 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + gitea | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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#gitea

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+ + diff --git a/tags/gna/atom.xml b/tags/gna/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bae5ea --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/gna/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,720 @@ + + + - gna + + + Zola + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/tags/gna/atom.xml + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 2: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/ + On June 21st, 2022 1.17.0-rc1 was published and the location of the gitconfig file moved to a new location, <a href="2022-06-23-1.17-breaking-episode-1">which required manual intervention</a>. This change impacted a large number of Gitea installations because the docker image tag latest <a href="https://mastodon.online/@hostea/108514134565401798">was set to 1.17.0-rc1</a> by accident. As a result, about 10,000 pulls per hour from the docker hub got the release candidate instead of the expected stable version. +Unfortunately moving the git home directory in 1.17.0-rc1 was implemented in way that created a security problem. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/20114">fix that was merged in Gitea</a> to fix it requires moving the gitconfig file and was released July 19th, 2022 in 1.17.0-rc2. +This would have been a minor inconvenience if it only has an impact on adventurous people trying the release candidate in a test environment. But since all Gitea production installations based on the latest tag were inadvertently upgraded to 1.17.0-rc1, the admins who moved their custom .gitconfig will need to move it one more time when upgrading to 1.17.0-rc2. +In 1.17.0-rc2, a custom .gitconfig must be moved manually to the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/config-cheat-sheet/#git-git">new git home directory</a> as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Data Root Path/home (which is <code>/data/gitea/home</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> + + + + Get a Gitea instance with CI at Gna! + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-07-10T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/experimental/ + Hosting a Gitea instance on Gna! is now possible (but still experimental). It is meant to be a minimum viable product: anyone can <a href="https://hosteadashboard.gna.org">create a new dedicated Gitea instance</a> within minutes and pay for it on a monthly basis with a credit card. It includes a dedicated CI based on <a href="https://woodpecker-ci.org/">Woodpecker</a>. The smallest instance costs 10€ per month (2GB RAM, 10GB disk, 1CPU) and will be a good fit for a freelance up to a team of five people but bigger instances are also available if more RAM, CPU or disk is required. +<video width="600" controls> + <source src="https://cloud.forgefriends.org/s/xXLcYpsE469tJEj/download?path=&files=hostea-screencast-vm-create.mp4" type="video/mp4" /> +</video> +The service is 100% infrastructure as code, published as <a href="https://lab.enough.community/main/infrastructure/-/tree/9e18ebbf675c8a65d1585d20b4cf6295af6e52ed/playbooks/hosteadashboard">Ansible playbooks within Enough</a>. It can be self-hosted on bare metal (with <a href="https://libvirt.org/">libvirt</a>) or in the cloud (with <a href="https://www.openstack.org/">OpenStack</a>): follow the <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html#quick-start">quick start</a>, configure playbooks for <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/services/hostea.html">hostea</a> and <a href="https://enough-community.readthedocs.io/en/latest/services/hosteadashboard.html">the dashboard</a>. +The organization supporting Gna! is a <a href="https://forum.gna.org/c/governance-and-decisions/7">horizontal collective</a> of individuals and organizations. The <a href="https://forum.hostea.org/t/decision-revenue-sharing-model/92">revenue sharing model</a> is set to dedicate 25% of the income (more than the profits) to help the Free Software projects Hostea depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. +<h3 id="the-origin">The origin<a class="zola-anchor" href="#the-origin" aria-label="Anchor link for: the-origin" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In February 2022 the project of running a dedicated Gitea hosting service was <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/a-gitea-hosting-service-under-the-umbrella-of-the-gitea-project/4692">proposed to the Gitea project</a> and other organizations and <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/02/16/project-plans-for-a-hosted-gitea-online-service/">plans were drafted</a>. After a month of discussions it turned out to not be a <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/03/11/the-inconclusive-story-of-four-failed-project-offers/">good match for any of them</a>. +It was suggested to create a new project from scratch instead of joining an existing organization. However, in order to be sustainable, a hosting service needs customers willing to pay for the service. And nobody had that kind of skill. It was therefore decided that to terminate the project: there is no point is creating a technical stack that's not going to be used by anyone. +<h3 id="a-technical-stack-with-no-users">A technical stack with no users<a class="zola-anchor" href="#a-technical-stack-with-no-users" aria-label="Anchor link for: a-technical-stack-with-no-users" + >#</a +> +</h3> +The most common mistake technical people do when creating a new piece of software is to overlook the fact that they have absolutely no idea how to let their intended user base know about it. Maybe the reason it happens so often is because it is very difficult to resist the urge of creating something. Because that's what technical people love to do: create things, even when they have no clue if it can be used. +It took no longer than two weeks for the people involved in Gna! to decide to build the technical stack to run hostea instead of being reasonable and give up. It was just too tempting. +To keep the madness contained and enjoyable, it was decided to set a deadline to July 1st and to <a href="https://gitea.gna.org/Hostea/july-mvp/issues">define precise and realistic technical goals</a>. It turned out to be an enjoyable experience: everyone learned a lot in the process and the outcome is something that can be reproduced. Most MVPs are a brittle pile of hacks designed to last a few weeks and be thrown away. But since a primary goal of the project was to create something self-hostable, it had to implement that feature and therefore be reproducible. +<h3 id="a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model">A horizontal collective with a revenue sharing model<a class="zola-anchor" href="#a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model" aria-label="Anchor link for: a-horizontal-collective-with-a-revenue-sharing-model" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Another goal of Gna! is to deploy federated forges, even at an experimental stage. Instead of creating a centralized organization to support Hostea, it was decided to create <a href="https://forum.gna.org/c/governance-and-decisions/7">horizontal collective</a>. It feels like a contradiction for a project committed to decentralization to be governed by a centralized organization. +The collective is composed of individuals and organizations but, unlike exclusively volunteer based Free Software projects, it is for profit. Customers rent Gitea instances by the month and the income is used to pay for expenses. There is however a difficulty: by nature a horizontal collective cannot be incorporated as it would create a level of hierarchy. The <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/decision-revenue-sharing-model/92">revenue sharing model</a> had to be set as an informal agreement between members where one of them receives the income and distributes it to the others, depending on their Gna! related expenses. +It also requires that 25% of the income (not the profits) is dedicated to help the Free Software projects that Gna! depends on such as Gitea, Enough, Django etc. It can be via a donation, by upstreaming a bug fix or any kind of work that is beneficial to the dependency. +<h3 id="dedicated-to-forge-federation">Dedicated to forge federation<a class="zola-anchor" href="#dedicated-to-forge-federation" aria-label="Anchor link for: dedicated-to-forge-federation" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In the spirit of dogfooding, the people who created the technical stack of Gna! will use it for themselves on a daily basis. Since the focus of the authors is on <a href="https://forgefriends.org/blog/2022/06/30/2022-06-state-forge-federation/">forge federation</a>, they will add federation support in Hostea. This will be their primary motivation to improve and maintain Hostea: it is the only hosting platform where this can happen. + + + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 1: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-1/ + Before version 1.17, when Gitea needed to change the <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config">git configuration</a>, it modified the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file. For instance it would <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/release/v1.16/modules/git/git.go#L174-L177">set core.quotePath to false</a>: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[core] + quotePath = false +</code></pre> +When installing Gitea <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">from docker</a> or <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker-rootless/">rootless</a> or even <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/">from binary</a> this <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file belongs to a user that is <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#prepare-environment">dedicated to Gitea</a> and not used by anyone else. +However, if an Gitea installation was done differently and <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> has been customized because it is shared by a user or another application, there is a good chance that manual modifications were done such as: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[user] + name = Jane Doe + email = jane@doe.com +</code></pre> +It is also possible that the file was modified manually by the Gitea admin for other reasons. In both there is a potential for breakage when upgrading to Gitea >= 1.17 because the location of the file changed. It must be moved manually to the new location as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Repository Root Path (which is <code>/data/git/repositories</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> +The reason why this breaking change was introduced is to workaround <a href="https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/">a rare problem</a> impacting Gitea installations relying on networked volumes. + + + + [tutorial] A gentle introduction to the gitea doctor + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/ + While helping people with their upgrades <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/migration-from-1-2-to-1-16-8/5309">in the Gitea forum</a> or <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/gitea-upgrade-from-1-14-1-to-1-16-8/90">at the Gna! clinic</a>, I realized that few Gitea admins know about the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/command-line/#doctor"><code>gitea doctor</code></a> command and decided to write this blog post as a gentle introduction. +<h3 id="an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away">An apple a day keeps the doctor away<a class="zola-anchor" href="#an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" aria-label="Anchor link for: an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Or in our case, Gitea versions <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.11.5/cmd/doctor.go">below 1.11.5</a>. Since then, the <code>gitea doctor</code> is available and is designed to run against a specific Gitea version. It would not be a good idea to try to run the doctor from Gitea 1.16 to verify the sanity of a Gitea 1.2 instance: it will be confused by how the database is organized and a number of other details. Historical fun fact: the <code>gitea doctor</code> was backported to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.5/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.5</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.6/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.6</a> and may be of help if you run this particular version and are facing the problem that motivated the backport. +With each version <code>gitea doctor</code> improves and gains new capabilities. For instance, in Gitea 1.17 it becomes aware of <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19731">orphaned pull requests</a> and is able to fix them. If such a problem exists in Gitea 1.16, it does not know about it. +<h3 id="calling-the-doctor">Calling the doctor<a class="zola-anchor" href="#calling-the-doctor" aria-label="Anchor link for: calling-the-doctor" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In the following, examples are based on a Gitea 1.16.8 instance you can run as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker run --name gitea -p 3000:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless +$ docker exec gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com +$ docker exec gitea mkdir /var/lib/gitea/data/log +</code></pre> +And then you can go to the <a href="https://127.0.0.1:3000/">web interface</a> to create a <code>test</code> repository, with an initial <code>README.md</code> file. When this is done the doctor can be called as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --all +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/etc/gitea/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/custom" + - [I] Work directory: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/data/log" +OK +[2] Check if there is garbage storage files +OK +[3] Check Database Version +OK +[4] Check consistency of database +OK +[5] Check if user with wrong type exist +OK +[6] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +[7] Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + - [I] ScriptType bash is on the current PATH at /bin/bash +OK +[8] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +[9] Recalculate Stars number for all user +OK +[10] Check old archives + - [I] 0 old archives in repository need to be deleted +OK +[11] Enable push options + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +OK +[12] Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + - [W] Found 0 broken repo_units +OK +[13] Recalculate merge bases + - [W] 0 PRs with incorrect mergebases of 0 PRs total in 1 repos +OK +[14] Check git-daemon-export-ok files + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +</code></pre> +<h3 id="what-does-the-doctor-know">What does the doctor know?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-does-the-doctor-know" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-does-the-doctor-know" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Although the <code>doctor</code> can be compared to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fsck">fsck(8)</a>, it does not know everything. It took decades for <code>fsck</code> to become the ultimate authority on finding problems on file systems and reliably fixing them without losing data. Nowadays, only a handful of people in the world are brave enough to manually attempt a file system recovery when <code>fsck</code> cannot recover from a data loss. +The first <code>doctor</code> version is two years old and Gitea admins are still routinely running SQL queries against the database or moving files around when trying to figure out why a Gitea instance is not behaving as it should. It is however worth checking if the doctor does not already have a solution by listing all it can do: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --list +Default Name Title +* paths Check paths and basic configuration + storages Check if there is garbage storage files +* check-db-version Check Database Version + check-db-consistency Check consistency of database +* check-user-type Check if user with wrong type exist +* authorized-keys Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date + script-type Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + hooks Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + recalculate-stars-number Recalculate Stars number for all user + check-old-archives Check old archives + enable-push-options Enable push options + fix-broken-repo-units Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + recalculate-merge-bases Recalculate merge bases + check-git-daemon-export-ok Check git-daemon-export-ok files +</code></pre> +And then call the <code>check</code> that looks interesting: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run authorized-keys +[1] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +</code></pre> +The challenge is to figure out which <code>check</code> does what and at the moment the best source of information is ... <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8">the sources</a> themselves. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/cmd/doctor.go">doctor.go</a> command is the entry point and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8/modules/doctor">the doctor directory</a> contains the rest. +Some <code>checks</code> are straightforward to understand, even if you do not know Go, such as <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/modules/doctor/authorizedkeys.go">the authorized-keys check</a>. Others are much more involved and your best chance is to <a href="https://matrix.to/#/#gitea:matrix.org">ask the Gitea chatroom</a> for help. +<h3 id="is-it-going-to-hurt">Is it going to hurt?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#is-it-going-to-hurt" aria-label="Anchor link for: is-it-going-to-hurt" + >#</a +> +</h3> +By default the doctor (very much like <code>fsck -N</code>) only performs non destructive checks and displays diagnostics, with an indication of how serious the problem is. In the example above, there only are lines with [I] (which indicates an information) and [W] which indicates a warning that can be ignored but may be worth looking into. Those two warnings are actually just informational and should be labelled as [I], <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19836">which has been fixed</a> in a more recent version of the doctor. +Now let's do something bad: remove the permissions from a hook in our repository: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea chmod -x /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive +</code></pre> +Run the doctor with the <code>check</code> supposed to find that out: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +Ask it to fix this with the <code>--fix</code> flag: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks --fix +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] Regenerated hooks for root/test + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +And run it one last time to check all is well: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +</code></pre> +Even when the doctor is unable to fix a problem, it can help by showing extensive debug output which can be found, by default, in the <code>doctor.log</code> file in the directory from which it runs. Or it can be displayed on the standard output with <code>--log-file -</code>, which is most convenient when running in docker. +<h3 id="going-further">Going further<a class="zola-anchor" href="#going-further" aria-label="Anchor link for: going-further" + >#</a +> +</h3> +If that was helpful to you, I would very much appreciate if you <a href="https://mastodon.online/@dachary">send me a message on Mastodon</a>. It will encourage me to write more blog posts to share what I learn about Gitea. Even better: you could <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pulls">send a pull request</a> to improve the doctor and help it mature. + + + + [solved] Zombies created by Gitea + 2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies-part-2/ + Gitea can <a href="/blog/zombies">create zombies</a>, for instance if a Git mirror takes too long. When updating a mirror, Gitea relies on the <code>git remote update</code> command which creates a child process, <code>git-remote-https</code>, to fetch data from the remote repository. Gitea has an internal timeout that will kill the child process (e.g. <code>git remote update</code>) when it takes too long but will not kill the grandchild. This grandchild will become an orphan and run forever or until its own timeout expires, which is about two minutes on git version 2.25. +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ time git clone https://4.4.4.4 +Clonage dans '4.4.4.4'... +fatal: impossible d'accéder à 'https://4.4.4.4/': Failed to connect to 4.4.4.4 port 443: Connexion terminée par expiration du délai d'attente + +real 2m9,753s +user 0m0,001s +sys 0m0,009s +</code></pre> +As explained in the <a href="/blog/zombies/#killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children">diagnostic blog post regarding Gitea zombies</a> there fortunately is a very simple way to avoid this by making sure each Gitea child is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_group">process group leader</a>. That first step was <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19865">introduced in Gitea 1.17</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19865">backported to Gitea 1.16.9</a>. The actual bug fix can now be implemented. +<h3 id="using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children">Using negative process id to kill children<a class="zola-anchor" href="#using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children" aria-label="Anchor link for: using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children" + >#</a +> +</h3> +When Gitea timeout on a child, it relies on <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/blob/f8a53df314e4af8cd350eedb0dae77d4c4fc30d0/src/os/exec/exec.go#L650">os.Process.Kill</a> which translates into a using the kill(2) system call to send a SIGKILL signal to unconditionally terminate it: <code>kill(pid, SIGKILL)</code>. Using a negative pid with <code>kill(-pid, SIGKILL)</code> will also terminate all processes created by Gitea's child, without Gitea knowing when or why they were created. From the kill(2) manual page: +<blockquote> +If pid is less than -1, then sig is sent to every process in the process group whose ID is -pid. +</blockquote> +Which is implemented as follows in the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec.go#L130">Friendly Forge Format library</a>: +<blockquote> +<code>syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)</code> +</blockquote> +<h3 id="not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext">Not using the default Go CommandContext<a class="zola-anchor" href="#not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext" aria-label="Anchor link for: not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Since <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/os/exec#CommandContext">CommandContext</a> does not allow to send a signal to the negative pid of the child process, it has to be implemented by Gitea itself, in a way that is similar to how the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec.go#L75-82">Friendly Forge Format library</a> does it: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code> ctxErr := watchCtx(ctx, cmd.Process.Pid) + err = cmd.Wait() + interruptErr := <-ctxErr + // If cmd.Wait returned an error, prefer that. + // Otherwise, report any error from the interrupt goroutine. + if interruptErr != nil && err == nil { + err = interruptErr + } +</code></pre> +<h3 id="testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed">Testing the bug is fixed and stays fixed<a class="zola-anchor" href="#testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed" aria-label="Anchor link for: testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Long standing bugs that are difficult to reproduce manually such as this one require robust testing to ensure that: +<ul> +<li>the diagnostic identifying the root cause is correct</li> +<li>the bug fix works</li> +<li>it does not resurface insidiously because of a subtle regression introduce years later</li> +</ul> +It is easy to implement as can be seen in the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L44-76">Friendly Forge Format library</a>. In a nutshell: +<ul> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L53">git clone https://4.4.4.4</a> which will hang because of firewall rules</li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L60-65">wait for the git-remote-https</a> grandchild process to be spawned</li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L67-68">cancel the context and wait for the goroutine to terminate</a></li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L70-75">verify the git-remote-https is killed</a></li> +</ul> +And with that... no more zombies! + + + + [diagnostic] Zombies created by Gitea + 2022-06-02T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-02T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies/ + The first <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/3242">issue about zombie processes</a> created by Gitea was reported in 2017 and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/13987">resurfaced</a> on a <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19077">regular basis</a>. Although it does not look pretty, zombie processes are leftovers that do not consume resources and never caused any kind of harm. Here is one scenario that will create a zombie: +<ul> +<li>Gitea updates a mirror by spawning the process <code>git remote update</code></li> +<li><code>git remote update</code> spawns yet another process, <code>git fetch</code></li> +<li><code>git fetch</code> is stuck, for instance because of network problems, and Gitea eventually times out</li> +<li>Gitea kill the process <code>git remote update</code></li> +<li>When killed <code>git remote update</code> does not kill its own child and <code>git fetch</code> becomes an orphaned process which keeps running</li> +<li>When <code>git fetch</code> eventually completes it becomes a zombie because its original parent is no longer around to wait on it</li> +</ul> +<h3 id="pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans">PID 1 process and waiting on orphans<a class="zola-anchor" href="#pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans" aria-label="Anchor link for: pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans" + >#</a +> +</h3> +This scenario is not unique to Gitea and it is such a common pattern that safeguards have been implemented to mitigate the proliferation of zombies. Orphaned process are automatically attached to the process with PID 1, which is expected to wait on every process, whether it created them or not. When Gitea is installed from binary on GNU/Linux this is <code>/bin/init</code> and when Gitea runs from the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/6171ea7d318c0ca8714bc6efd6a97ea4b495eb6d/Dockerfile">default docker image</a> this is <code>s6</code>: they will both wait on orphaned processes and there won't be any zombies. +<h3 id="what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process">What if Gitea is the only running process?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process" + >#</a +> +</h3> +But when Gitea runs from the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/6171ea7d318c0ca8714bc6efd6a97ea4b495eb6d/Dockerfile.rootless">rootless docker image</a>, Gitea is the only process running in the container. Orphaned processes will have Gitea as a parent but will not wait on them and they will stay in a zombie state forever. To reproduce this problem in a minimal way: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker run --name gitea -p 8080:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless +$ docker exec --user 1000 gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com +</code></pre> +The <code>git</code> command can then be replaced with a script that waits forever: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ ( echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nsleep infinity' ) | docker exec -i --user root gitea tee /usr/bin/git +$ docker exec --user root gitea chmod +x /usr/bin/git +</code></pre> +Trying to create a repository from the web interface will create the conditions for a zombie to show: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 164 git {git} /bin/bash /usr/bin/git -c credential.helper= -c protocol.version=2 -c uploadpack.allowfilter=true -c uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant=true init --bare + 164 165 sleep sleep infinity +</code></pre> +When the <code>git</code> process is killed by Gitea, the <code>sleep</code> child will be orphaned: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 165 sleep sleep infinity +</code></pre> +Killing it will turn it into a zombie: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea kill 165 +$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 165 sleep [sleep] +</code></pre> +<h3 id="killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children">Killing a child process and all its children<a class="zola-anchor" href="#killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children" aria-label="Anchor link for: killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children" + >#</a +> +</h3> +There should be no need for an admin running Gitea to worry about those gory details, it should be taken care of regardless of the environment Gitea runs in. Fortunately there is a very simple way to avoid the creation of zombies by ensuring that all Gitea child process are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_group">process group leaders</a>. In a nutshell it means that when the child is killed all its children and grand children are also killed. + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.15 and up: path not found or permission denied + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/path-not-found/ + In Gitea 1.15 the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/custom/conf/app.example.ini">app.example.ini</a> file was changed to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/commit/4a84022d2559ccfc99960c7c654ee8b9b38664f7">comment out most of the values</a>. The assumption was that all values exactly matched the defaults <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/setting/setting.go">in the source code</a>. However, there are differences, for instance for <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/modules/setting/setting.go#L771">APP_DATA_PATH</a>. Before Gitea 1.15, <code>app.example.ini</code> contained: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the directory from which the Gitea server was running. In Gitea 1.15 up to 1.16, it was commented out: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. +When a distribution such as voidlinux <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/master/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch">uses app.example.ini</a> as a base for the Gitea package, this change indirectly creates a regression and an upgrade of Gitea <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19367">fails with errors</a> such as <code>unable to open level db at data/data/queues/common: mkdir data: permission denied</code>. The regression did not show as soon as Gitea 1.15 became available in voidlinux because the package <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/7fc9190f0e0d557dd5031e68df4e183892d4315b/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch#L62">explicitly set <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code></a>. But this <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/19d986a2cae9ce73d32552ddb62443b5e7fa13e2">changed when Gitea 1.15.6 was packaged</a> and once the value was commented out, upgrading triggered the problem. This was worked around six month later with the <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/44b6c96fa12ce9d993c7a2ac9486d892735b7e3a">Gitea 1.16.8</a> package. +The <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code> directory is not the only one, the <code>[log] ROOT_PATH</code> is another example. There is an <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19815">ongoing effort</a> to improve the situation in Gitea 1.17. With the downside of introducing breaking changes that will have an impact on all Gitea installations because the content of the <code>app.ini</code> file will be interpreted differently. In the case of <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code>, both: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +will be interpreted to be relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. Every Gitea installation using APP_DATA_PATH = data will need to update the value to be an absolute path such as /var/lib/gitea/data so that it keeps pointing to the expected directory. +In order to prepare for the change or ensure the consistency of all path, there fortunately is a very simple solution: always use absolute paths in the <code>app.ini</code> configuration file. + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.16.[678] error: fatal: unsafe repository is owned by someone else + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/ + April 12, 2022 version <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqv8veb5i6.fsf@gitster.g/">git v2.35.2</a> was released and addresses a security issue <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. It was backported to 2.30.3, v2.31.2, v2.32.1, v2.33.2, and v2.34.2 and published by distributions such as <a href="https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-24765">Debian GNU/Linux</a>, <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +If Gitea runs as user <code>foo</code>, calls a patched Git version and a parent directory of the git repositories is owned by a user other than <code>foo</code>, it will fail with a message such as: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>Failed to open repository: Git/Data Error: exit status 128 - fatal: unsafe repository ('/data/git/repositories/git/data.git' is owned by someone else) +</code></pre> +This started to show in the past few weeks to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455">users running the Gitea binary on Windows</a> who also independently installed git v2.36. And then to people running <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106331149">Gitea from snap</a>, on <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106312061">a Synology NAS</a> and then people running from <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/Dockerfile#L2">Gitea docker images</a> which is based on <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +<h3 id="workarounds">Workarounds<a class="zola-anchor" href="#workarounds" aria-label="Anchor link for: workarounds" + >#</a +> +</h3> +<ul> +<li>If using <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/gitea/gitea">Gitea docker images</a>: +<ul> +<li>upgrade to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">Gitea >=1.16.9</a> or 1.17, both have git >=2.36</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>If the Gitea binary was installed independently of git, upgrade git to a version that is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a> and disable the security check entirely with: +<ul> +<li>impersonate the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">user dedicated to Gitea</a> (usually git)</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<h3 id="bug-fix">Bug fix<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix" + >#</a +> +</h3> +The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19870">bug fix</a> is for Gitea to ensure <code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code> is set on its <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">dedicated user</a> when it initializes. It is effective on the condition that the git CLI version is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a>. +<h3 id="bug-fix-rationale">Bug fix rationale<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix-rationale" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix-rationale" + >#</a +> +</h3> +It is safe to <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs">disable the security check in Gitea</a>. It is not vulnerable to <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a> because it calls the git CLI <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/command.go#L160">after changing its working directory</a> to be the git repository targeted by the command (for instance <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/diff.go#L38-L45">diff</a>) or a temporary directory. Therefore it will not explore the parent directories looking for a git configuration file. +The security check is triggered because the repository is owned by an unexpected user (root instead of git typically) and not because a parent directory is owned by an unexpected user. This, in itself, is a problem worth investigating but it is unrelated and was revealed by the newer security check of git even though it does not match the threat described in <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. +It appears non trivial to enforce a consistent ownership of files and directories, either within docker or outside docker when networked file systems are involved. The Gitea server was not troubled by this inconsistency so far because the permissions allow it to write and read where expected, regardless of the owner. It is not worth looking into but it is ancient and unrelated. +Gitea runs under a dedicated user, either when installed <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">from binary</a> or from <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">docker</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/git.go#L196-L207">modifies the global git configuration</a> depending on the git version at initialization time. Fixing the problem can therefore be done by <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs#bcd72ff867cbd1ddd5b6518c3a05b5f1a6021286_209_209">disabling the security check in the global git config file at initialization time</a>. It also requires a minimum version of git 2.36 to be installed, which is the case for Gitea docker images with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">versions >= 1.16.9</a>. + + + + [solved] blank or error 500 page after login + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/ + The <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/upgrade-from-gitea/#upgrade-from-binary">instructions to upgrade a Gitea instance</a> only require three to four steps. They work fine most of the time but the documentation is lacking a "Troubleshooting" section to help out when something goes wrong. Maintaining instructions on how to diagnose and fix upgrade problems is an ambitious undertaking and requires updates every time a new case is discovered. +An <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/things-to-know-about-gitea-upgrades/39">inventory of the known upgrade issues</a> was started to figure out how to structure such a section in the documentation. The <a href="https://blog.gitea.io/">release notes</a> were analyzed all the way back to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.9.6">Gitea 1.9.6</a> and the work is still in progress. Here is a sample of the tips that will be included: +<ul> +<li>Upgrade directly to the latest Gitea version, there is no need to upgrade to intermediate versions.</li> +<li>If the upgrade from version x.y to version x.y+2 fails and there is a need to narrow down the problem, try upgrading to the latest minor version of each major version and verify it works.</li> +<li>etc.</li> +</ul> +However, even with the best documentation, someone will eventually run into an new problem and fixing it without compromising the integrity of the data will be challenging. This is best demonstrated by a real world example that was concluded a few days ago. +<h1 id="getting-help-from-the-community">Getting help from the community<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-help-from-the-community" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-help-from-the-community" + >#</a +> +</h1> +After <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">upgrading a Gitea intsance from 1.9.6 to 1.16.5</a> the tests conducted manually did not uncover any problem. However, after going to production, some users saw a blank page after login and had to manually type the URL of the project they wanted to see in the browser. The person in charge of the upgrade never had to diagnose Gitea problem and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">reached out in the Gitea forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: explain the problem in a public forum as early as possible to get help from the community +</blockquote> +In their post in the forum they explained how they attempted to diagnose the problem and how why they thought that only users created a few years ago were impacted. It was a detailed analysis that was concluded with a partial copy of the logs. It was unfortunately missing <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">key information</a> that was provided only three days later. In the meantime, as they could not figure out the source of the problem, they were on the verge of <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/11">accepting the loss of all the Gitea database</a> and start over from the repositories. However, once all the details were available, <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">a workaround</a> was suggested in the forum. +<blockquote> +Tip: focus more on providing detailed facts than exposing the attempted diagnostic +</blockquote> +There was hope to fix Gitea and in the following days they applied the workaround. They also tried to improve it but without success and eventually accepted a partial data loss as inevitable and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">reported their success back to the forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: when getting support from the community, providing feedback is the best token of appreciation +</blockquote> +<h1 id="getting-professional-help">Getting professional help<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-professional-help" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-professional-help" + >#</a +> +</h1> +The <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">Gna! Clinic</a> is a collective of individual and companies that provides professional services to Gitea admins. They are active members of the Gitea community who <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/u/dachary/activity">help out</a> as volunteers. They can also be hired to resolve the more complicated cases. +The Gitea instance that was in trouble required more than a few minutes of work and access to the database content for a proper diagnostic. They <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">proposed their assistance</a> but although <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/user-research-about-gitea-upgrade-experiences-call-for-volunteers/5063/2">well received</a>, it was not accepted. +When the Gitea admin explained how they chose to resolve the problem <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">on the forum</a>, it confirmed the workaround was viable and the root problem was identified. That was enough to figure out a fix for the underlying bug with <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a rather simple patch</a> that was merged <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">and backported</a> in the following days. But it happened too late to avoid the data loss. +To summarize with a timeline, here is what happened: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login and a the Gitea admin tries to diagnose the problem</li> +<li>J+2: A message is sent to ask for help in the community</li> +<li>J+2 to J+6: Three people in the community suggest ideas but the Gitea admin cannot figure out the root cause and is on the verge of accepting the loss of all Gitea data and restart from the git repositories</li> +<li>J+6: A workaround is suggested by the community</li> +<li>J+7 to J+17: The Gitea admin applies the workaround and only looses part of the Gitea data</li> +</ul> +And in retrospect, here is what could have happened instead: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login</li> +<li>J+1: The Gitea admin <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">reaches out to someone at the Gna! Clinic</a></li> +<li>J+2: The <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">logs of the Gitea instance</a> are analyzed, the root cause diagnosed and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a patch</a> is created to fix it.</li> +<li>J+3: If necessary a Gitea binary is created with the patch and used as a temporary replacement until the next point release is published with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">the backport</a>. The Gitea admin runs the patched Gitea binary in the meantime. There is no data loss.</li> +</ul> +It does not mean all upgrade problems can be resolved so easily. But it shows, with an example, that in some cases it makes sense to get professional help. + + + + Project plans for a hosted Gitea online service + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-04-18T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/project-plans-for-hosted-gitea-online-service/ + This post was originally published on <a href="https://blog.dachary.org/2022/02/16/project-plans-for-a-hosted-gitea-online-service/">Loïc Dachary's +blog</a>. +<hr /> +When an organization asks me about Gitea, I would like to direct them to +a provider where they can rent an instance and just use it, in the same +way they can go to https://discourse.org for a forum, or +https://nextcloud.com for storage. Instead of waiting for that to +happen, <a href="https://batsense.net/about/">Aravinth</a> and +<a href="https://dachary.org/">myself</a> decided to do something about it, in a +way that is in line with our shared values: transparency and Free +Software. +After doing some research we found counter examples that showed the +pitfalls to avoid. GitLab because its business model heavily relies on +selling proprietary licenses. CiviCRM because setting it up is complex +and requires training: users can't figure it out on their own. Gitea +images provided by Digital Ocean because they do not include security +upgrades. MySQL configured and run by AWS because of the vendor lock-in +that makes it impossible to self-host. +We concluded that an online service such as Gitea can be hosted in a +sustainable way as long as: +<ul> +<li>It is well maintained and upgrades itself</li> +<li>It can be self-hosted</li> +<li>The service can automatically be restored from backups when the +underlying resources fail</li> +</ul> +GitHub and GitLab make it look like there is a market around software +forges. It is however impossible to figure out if this market exists +only because it is based on proprietary software. How many of these +customers would pay for a Free Software hosted Gitea instance? +Even if these customers do exist, a new service provider would have to +figure out how to convince them to subscribe. The technical development +of the service can be done within weeks but building a sustainable +business takes much longer. Again, there were examples of what can go +wrong, for instance ElasticSearch. After years of work developing a +successful online service and a customer base, AWS entered the +competition and started to take it away from them. +The sustainability of the Free Software ecosystem is a new and very +difficult problem to solve. It is discussed more than it ever was in the +wake of security breaches originating from widely used and yet abandoned +library or disillusioned Free Software authors self-sabotaging their +next release, and everyone has diverging opinions. It falls on each Free +Software author to spend time to think about their own projects because +there are no handbook or good examples to follow. That is what Aravinth +and myself did to find a semblance of clarity and decide how to go about +this hosted Gitea service idea. +<h1 id="sustaining-free-software-online-services">Sustaining Free Software online services<a class="zola-anchor" href="#sustaining-free-software-online-services" aria-label="Anchor link for: sustaining-free-software-online-services" + >#</a +> +</h1> +<h2 id="more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services">More mature online services mean less opportunities to sell services<a class="zola-anchor" href="#more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services" aria-label="Anchor link for: more-mature-online-services-mean-less-opportunities-to-sell-services" + >#</a +> +</h2> +Ideally the software running an online service is rock solid and bugs +are so rare that it can run unattended. This is true of +https://wordpress.org and it is not uncommon for an instance to run for +years while upgrading themselves to get security patches. The cost of +maintaining such a service is negligible and hosting companies can offer +it for free to their customers. They make their profit by renting the +machines on which the service runs. +When the software is not as mature, it is more expensive to run. Bugs +need fixing, upgrades require manual intervention, users must be trained +to overcome the complexity of the user experience, etc. Well known +examples are Discourse or CiviCRM for which companies sell services to +overcome these issues. +But when an organization is both the author of the software and the +provider of paid services to compensate for its lack of maturity, it +creates a conflict of interest. Should they focus their effort on making +the software more mature, they would harm a business model that is based +on this very lack of maturity. For instance, if the author of a software +also sells training courses, they are not motivated to solve user +experience issues. If they did, it would lower the need for training +courses and reduce their income. +<h2 id="free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability">Free Software online services in the wake of the sustainability<a class="zola-anchor" href="#free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability" aria-label="Anchor link for: free-software-online-services-in-the-wake-of-the-sustainability" + >#</a +> +</h2> +crisis +Nowadays all Free Software authors struggle to get enough resources to +produce a steady stream of releases, even when the project is very +popular. This sustainability problem is getting more and more attention +as the number of Free Software projects in use world wide keeps growing. +Even the simplest online service relies on thousands of Free Software +projects, each of which needs work to keep going. Accidents caused by +poorly maintained Free Software projects become more frequent. +This Free Software sustainability crisis is barely emerging and very +much resembles ecological problems such as climate change. In both cases +it is very difficult to figure out how to properly care for the +resources that are consumed. After decades of advocacy, it is generally +accepted that fossil energy won't last forever but there still is a long +way to go. It will also take a long time for the Free Software community +to answer this simple question: how to sustain an ever growing library +of Free Software? +Luckily, it is relatively simpler to solve that problem for an online +service because it has users. They can be reminded that their assistance +is needed to keep the project afloat, for instance by a donation. A +proposition that would be much more difficult to make for the author of +a cryptographic library. Convincing users to pay for an online service +has the best chance of success when the author of the software is also +the service provider. This is the business model of Discourse and +Weblate, but it is relatively fragile because nothing stands in the way +of the competition. +A few years ago ElasticSearch successfully developed an online service +offering. But when AWS entered the competition and was better at +marketing it, ElasticSearch quickly realized they would likely go out of +business. They tried to fight back by <a href="https://www.elastic.co/blog/licensing-change">changing their +license</a>, which was the +wrong answer to a real problem. Discourse or Weblate are also likely to +face competition from hosting companies in the future and they may not +survive it. +In the end, the durable source of income for a Free Software online +service is to rent the resources (CPU/RAM/network/disk) it needs to run. +In other words only hosting companies can make a profit when running +such an online service. And for that reason they also need to share part +of the profits to ensure the sustainability of the Free Software service +their customers need. +<h1 id="online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software">Online services vendor lock-in is cured by Free Software<a class="zola-anchor" href="#online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software" aria-label="Anchor link for: online-services-vendor-lock-in-is-cured-by-free-software" + >#</a +> +</h1> +When hosting companies offer online services they also provide upgrades +and transparent recovery when the hardware fails. But none of them allow +the service to be self-hosted. When their price policy change, or when +the term of services ban users from a given country, migrating the +service elsewhere it costly and difficult. For instance when AWS runs +MySQL for their customers, they allow to download the data but not the +software that runs the proprietary AWS interface used to configure and +control the server. Another example is GitHub where the content of the +git repository can be downloaded but the code that runs GitHub itself is +not Free Software. +If a customer cannot run the same software as their service provider, +they are locked-in, even if they can download their data. It is a common +misconception to think that there is no vendor lock-in as long as it is +possible to download the data in an standard format. Migrating the data +from one software to another is, more often than not, time consuming and +costly to a point that it is effectively a blocker. A GitHub salesperson +would argue that it is possible for people to run GitHub Enterprise on +their own hardware. But the vendor lock-in is still present via the +proprietary license contract. The user experience, maintenance and +upgrades are still exclusively controlled by GitHub. +To guarantee their independence, the customers of an online service need +to be able to: +<ul> +<li>Download their data</li> +<li>Run the exact same Free Software as their service provider</li> +<li>Run the exact same Free Software infrastructure as code as their +service provider</li> +</ul> +The requirement regarding Free Software infrastructure as code refers +to, for instance, the AWS control panel and all that is behind it when +creating a new MySQL service. It includes whatever a competitor would +need to run the same online service. An example would be +https://enough.community, an infrastructure as code dedicated to +creating the services needed by whistleblowers and human rights +defenders. It consumes resources rented by hosting providers, assembles +disks and machines, setup monitoring and intrusion detection, installs +various online services and upgrades them. +The availability of the software that creates the infrastructure is not +only useful to the competitors of a service provider. It also benefits a +non-profit that wants to provide (for instance) Wordpress instances to +its members. Without it they would need to create something from scratch +using building blocks such as CiviCRM. Even though such building blocks +exist, this is a significant undertaking and effectively a blocker. +<h1 id="federated-online-services-and-durability">Federated online services and durability<a class="zola-anchor" href="#federated-online-services-and-durability" aria-label="Anchor link for: federated-online-services-and-durability" + >#</a +> +</h1> +All self-hosted services are in danger of losing the data they contain. +When a Wordpress service is hosted in a home and the machine dies, it +must be restored from backups... when there are backups. Hosting +companies ensure the durability of the data with their own backup +system. It creates a dilemma for people who are looking into self +hosting: independence is desirable, but is it worth taking the risk of +data loss? +Federated online services do not suffer from this problem, because they +can mirror each other. A Gitea instance that is federated with another +will mirror copies of software projects found on its peers. Should one +instance be destroyed, mirrored projects can be resurrected from the +federated instance. Not only is it a practical way to ensure the (rare) +failure of an entire datacenter, it also helps with the (more frequent) +destruction of self-hosted machines. Contrary to backups that require +special attention, the replication involved in federated online service +is built in and works continuously. There is no need for an extra backup +service that is very rarely used and therefore likely to fail when +needed. +Federated services are not yet mainstream and Gitea is one of the rare +services that started to implement the concept. In the interim, +customers of an online hosting service will need to worry about backups +to ensure the durability of their data. But the ultimate solution for +them won't be the emergence of an ideal backup infrastructure, it will +be replication (via federated services) that will continuously ensure +the durability of their data. +<h1 id="paths-forward">Paths forward<a class="zola-anchor" href="#paths-forward" aria-label="Anchor link for: paths-forward" + >#</a +> +</h1> +The Gitea project itself, following the footsteps of Discourse or +Weblate, could provide a hosting service. Part of its current user base +may become customers and there does not seem to be any blocker to make +that happen. As with most successful Free Software project, people +working on Gitea daily are already very busy and cannot engage in such a +long term project. But Aravinth and myself can, if they will have us. +Another path forward would be to wrap Gitea into a bundle that existing +hosting companies could easily use to provide such a service to their +customers. The biggest hosting companies are unlikely to be interested: +if Digital Ocean was to provide upgrades on top of their existing Gitea +image, they are more likely to rely on their internal staff to implement +that from scratch, as proprietary software integrated into their +existing infrastructure. But smaller hosting companies such as +https://Octopuce.fr or https://Easter-Eggs.com, who already deploy Gitea +instances for their customers, would use it if, for instance, it helped +with the upgrades. They would then kindly be reminded to give back a +share of their profits in order to sustain the development of the +service they deploy. +Finally it would also be possible to follow the example of GitLab in the +early days (before it turned to proprietary software) or Codeberg and +offer a free shared forge hosting service to build a user base. After a +few years, a percentage of the user base would convert to being paid +customers or donors to sustain the activity and part of the income would +be used to sustain the development of the service. + + + diff --git a/tags/gna/index.html b/tags/gna/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2ee678 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/gna/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,560 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + gna | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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+ + diff --git a/tags/hostea/atom.xml b/tags/hostea/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad0feb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/hostea/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ + + + - hostea + + + Zola + 2022-04-22T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/tags/hostea/atom.xml + + Introducing Gna! + 2022-04-22T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-04-22T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/22-04-2022-hostea-introducing-hostea-forgefriends-monthly-meet/ + Introducing <a href="https://gna.org">Hostea</a>, a project <a href="https://dachary.org">Loïc +Dachary</a> and <a href="https://batsense.net">Aravinth +Manivannan</a> are working on to create a full Free +software development suite based on +<a href="https://gitea.io">Gitea</a> for the forge, <a href="https://woodpecker-ci.org">Woodpecker +CI</a> for CI/CD, +<a href="https://github.com/realaravinth/pages">Pages</a> for static sites and +<a href="https://gitpad.org">GitPad</a> for gists. +This talk introduces the projects goals and philosophy behind the +project. +Please see +<a href="https://forum.forgefriends.org/t/forgefriends-monthly-update-april-22st-2022-5pm-6pm-utc-2/673">here</a> +to learn more about the event. +<h2 id="details">Details<a class="zola-anchor" href="#details" aria-label="Anchor link for: details" + >#</a +> +</h2> +<ul> +<li>organised by: <a href="https://forgefriends.org">forgefriends.org</a></li> +<li>date: 2022th April, 2022</li> +<li>venue: Online</li> +</ul> +<h2 id="resources">Resources<a class="zola-anchor" href="#resources" aria-label="Anchor link for: resources" + >#</a +> +</h2> +<ul> +<li><a href="./slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.odp">slides(ODP)</a></li> +<li><a href="./slides/2022-04-22-forgefriends-introducing-hostea.pdf">slides(PDF)</a></li> +</ul> + + + diff --git a/tags/hostea/index.html b/tags/hostea/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1a8c50 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/hostea/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,310 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + hostea | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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Introducing Gna!
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+ 22 + April + +, + 2022 · 1 min read +
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Introducing Hostea, a project Loïc Dachary and Aravinth Manivannan are working on to create a 100% Free software development suite, complete with CI/CD, static pages and gists
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+ + #hostea + + #forgefriends + +
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+ + diff --git a/tags/index.html b/tags/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94b4625 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,485 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + tags | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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+ + diff --git a/tags/problem/atom.xml b/tags/problem/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c5e073 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/problem/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,452 @@ + + + - problem + + + Zola + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/tags/problem/atom.xml + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 2: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/ + On June 21st, 2022 1.17.0-rc1 was published and the location of the gitconfig file moved to a new location, <a href="2022-06-23-1.17-breaking-episode-1">which required manual intervention</a>. This change impacted a large number of Gitea installations because the docker image tag latest <a href="https://mastodon.online/@hostea/108514134565401798">was set to 1.17.0-rc1</a> by accident. As a result, about 10,000 pulls per hour from the docker hub got the release candidate instead of the expected stable version. +Unfortunately moving the git home directory in 1.17.0-rc1 was implemented in way that created a security problem. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/20114">fix that was merged in Gitea</a> to fix it requires moving the gitconfig file and was released July 19th, 2022 in 1.17.0-rc2. +This would have been a minor inconvenience if it only has an impact on adventurous people trying the release candidate in a test environment. But since all Gitea production installations based on the latest tag were inadvertently upgraded to 1.17.0-rc1, the admins who moved their custom .gitconfig will need to move it one more time when upgrading to 1.17.0-rc2. +In 1.17.0-rc2, a custom .gitconfig must be moved manually to the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/config-cheat-sheet/#git-git">new git home directory</a> as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Data Root Path/home (which is <code>/data/gitea/home</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> + + + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 1: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-1/ + Before version 1.17, when Gitea needed to change the <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config">git configuration</a>, it modified the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file. For instance it would <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/release/v1.16/modules/git/git.go#L174-L177">set core.quotePath to false</a>: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[core] + quotePath = false +</code></pre> +When installing Gitea <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">from docker</a> or <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker-rootless/">rootless</a> or even <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/">from binary</a> this <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file belongs to a user that is <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#prepare-environment">dedicated to Gitea</a> and not used by anyone else. +However, if an Gitea installation was done differently and <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> has been customized because it is shared by a user or another application, there is a good chance that manual modifications were done such as: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[user] + name = Jane Doe + email = jane@doe.com +</code></pre> +It is also possible that the file was modified manually by the Gitea admin for other reasons. In both there is a potential for breakage when upgrading to Gitea >= 1.17 because the location of the file changed. It must be moved manually to the new location as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Repository Root Path (which is <code>/data/git/repositories</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> +The reason why this breaking change was introduced is to workaround <a href="https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/">a rare problem</a> impacting Gitea installations relying on networked volumes. + + + + [tutorial] A gentle introduction to the gitea doctor + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/ + While helping people with their upgrades <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/migration-from-1-2-to-1-16-8/5309">in the Gitea forum</a> or <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/gitea-upgrade-from-1-14-1-to-1-16-8/90">at the Gna! clinic</a>, I realized that few Gitea admins know about the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/command-line/#doctor"><code>gitea doctor</code></a> command and decided to write this blog post as a gentle introduction. +<h3 id="an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away">An apple a day keeps the doctor away<a class="zola-anchor" href="#an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" aria-label="Anchor link for: an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Or in our case, Gitea versions <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.11.5/cmd/doctor.go">below 1.11.5</a>. Since then, the <code>gitea doctor</code> is available and is designed to run against a specific Gitea version. It would not be a good idea to try to run the doctor from Gitea 1.16 to verify the sanity of a Gitea 1.2 instance: it will be confused by how the database is organized and a number of other details. Historical fun fact: the <code>gitea doctor</code> was backported to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.5/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.5</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.6/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.6</a> and may be of help if you run this particular version and are facing the problem that motivated the backport. +With each version <code>gitea doctor</code> improves and gains new capabilities. For instance, in Gitea 1.17 it becomes aware of <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19731">orphaned pull requests</a> and is able to fix them. If such a problem exists in Gitea 1.16, it does not know about it. +<h3 id="calling-the-doctor">Calling the doctor<a class="zola-anchor" href="#calling-the-doctor" aria-label="Anchor link for: calling-the-doctor" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In the following, examples are based on a Gitea 1.16.8 instance you can run as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker run --name gitea -p 3000:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless +$ docker exec gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com +$ docker exec gitea mkdir /var/lib/gitea/data/log +</code></pre> +And then you can go to the <a href="https://127.0.0.1:3000/">web interface</a> to create a <code>test</code> repository, with an initial <code>README.md</code> file. When this is done the doctor can be called as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --all +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/etc/gitea/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/custom" + - [I] Work directory: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/data/log" +OK +[2] Check if there is garbage storage files +OK +[3] Check Database Version +OK +[4] Check consistency of database +OK +[5] Check if user with wrong type exist +OK +[6] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +[7] Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + - [I] ScriptType bash is on the current PATH at /bin/bash +OK +[8] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +[9] Recalculate Stars number for all user +OK +[10] Check old archives + - [I] 0 old archives in repository need to be deleted +OK +[11] Enable push options + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +OK +[12] Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + - [W] Found 0 broken repo_units +OK +[13] Recalculate merge bases + - [W] 0 PRs with incorrect mergebases of 0 PRs total in 1 repos +OK +[14] Check git-daemon-export-ok files + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +</code></pre> +<h3 id="what-does-the-doctor-know">What does the doctor know?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-does-the-doctor-know" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-does-the-doctor-know" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Although the <code>doctor</code> can be compared to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fsck">fsck(8)</a>, it does not know everything. It took decades for <code>fsck</code> to become the ultimate authority on finding problems on file systems and reliably fixing them without losing data. Nowadays, only a handful of people in the world are brave enough to manually attempt a file system recovery when <code>fsck</code> cannot recover from a data loss. +The first <code>doctor</code> version is two years old and Gitea admins are still routinely running SQL queries against the database or moving files around when trying to figure out why a Gitea instance is not behaving as it should. It is however worth checking if the doctor does not already have a solution by listing all it can do: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --list +Default Name Title +* paths Check paths and basic configuration + storages Check if there is garbage storage files +* check-db-version Check Database Version + check-db-consistency Check consistency of database +* check-user-type Check if user with wrong type exist +* authorized-keys Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date + script-type Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + hooks Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + recalculate-stars-number Recalculate Stars number for all user + check-old-archives Check old archives + enable-push-options Enable push options + fix-broken-repo-units Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + recalculate-merge-bases Recalculate merge bases + check-git-daemon-export-ok Check git-daemon-export-ok files +</code></pre> +And then call the <code>check</code> that looks interesting: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run authorized-keys +[1] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +</code></pre> +The challenge is to figure out which <code>check</code> does what and at the moment the best source of information is ... <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8">the sources</a> themselves. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/cmd/doctor.go">doctor.go</a> command is the entry point and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8/modules/doctor">the doctor directory</a> contains the rest. +Some <code>checks</code> are straightforward to understand, even if you do not know Go, such as <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/modules/doctor/authorizedkeys.go">the authorized-keys check</a>. Others are much more involved and your best chance is to <a href="https://matrix.to/#/#gitea:matrix.org">ask the Gitea chatroom</a> for help. +<h3 id="is-it-going-to-hurt">Is it going to hurt?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#is-it-going-to-hurt" aria-label="Anchor link for: is-it-going-to-hurt" + >#</a +> +</h3> +By default the doctor (very much like <code>fsck -N</code>) only performs non destructive checks and displays diagnostics, with an indication of how serious the problem is. In the example above, there only are lines with [I] (which indicates an information) and [W] which indicates a warning that can be ignored but may be worth looking into. Those two warnings are actually just informational and should be labelled as [I], <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19836">which has been fixed</a> in a more recent version of the doctor. +Now let's do something bad: remove the permissions from a hook in our repository: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea chmod -x /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive +</code></pre> +Run the doctor with the <code>check</code> supposed to find that out: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +Ask it to fix this with the <code>--fix</code> flag: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks --fix +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] Regenerated hooks for root/test + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +And run it one last time to check all is well: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +</code></pre> +Even when the doctor is unable to fix a problem, it can help by showing extensive debug output which can be found, by default, in the <code>doctor.log</code> file in the directory from which it runs. Or it can be displayed on the standard output with <code>--log-file -</code>, which is most convenient when running in docker. +<h3 id="going-further">Going further<a class="zola-anchor" href="#going-further" aria-label="Anchor link for: going-further" + >#</a +> +</h3> +If that was helpful to you, I would very much appreciate if you <a href="https://mastodon.online/@dachary">send me a message on Mastodon</a>. It will encourage me to write more blog posts to share what I learn about Gitea. Even better: you could <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pulls">send a pull request</a> to improve the doctor and help it mature. + + + + [solved] Zombies created by Gitea + 2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies-part-2/ + Gitea can <a href="/blog/zombies">create zombies</a>, for instance if a Git mirror takes too long. When updating a mirror, Gitea relies on the <code>git remote update</code> command which creates a child process, <code>git-remote-https</code>, to fetch data from the remote repository. Gitea has an internal timeout that will kill the child process (e.g. <code>git remote update</code>) when it takes too long but will not kill the grandchild. This grandchild will become an orphan and run forever or until its own timeout expires, which is about two minutes on git version 2.25. +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ time git clone https://4.4.4.4 +Clonage dans '4.4.4.4'... +fatal: impossible d'accéder à 'https://4.4.4.4/': Failed to connect to 4.4.4.4 port 443: Connexion terminée par expiration du délai d'attente + +real 2m9,753s +user 0m0,001s +sys 0m0,009s +</code></pre> +As explained in the <a href="/blog/zombies/#killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children">diagnostic blog post regarding Gitea zombies</a> there fortunately is a very simple way to avoid this by making sure each Gitea child is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_group">process group leader</a>. That first step was <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19865">introduced in Gitea 1.17</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19865">backported to Gitea 1.16.9</a>. The actual bug fix can now be implemented. +<h3 id="using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children">Using negative process id to kill children<a class="zola-anchor" href="#using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children" aria-label="Anchor link for: using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children" + >#</a +> +</h3> +When Gitea timeout on a child, it relies on <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/blob/f8a53df314e4af8cd350eedb0dae77d4c4fc30d0/src/os/exec/exec.go#L650">os.Process.Kill</a> which translates into a using the kill(2) system call to send a SIGKILL signal to unconditionally terminate it: <code>kill(pid, SIGKILL)</code>. Using a negative pid with <code>kill(-pid, SIGKILL)</code> will also terminate all processes created by Gitea's child, without Gitea knowing when or why they were created. From the kill(2) manual page: +<blockquote> +If pid is less than -1, then sig is sent to every process in the process group whose ID is -pid. +</blockquote> +Which is implemented as follows in the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec.go#L130">Friendly Forge Format library</a>: +<blockquote> +<code>syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)</code> +</blockquote> +<h3 id="not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext">Not using the default Go CommandContext<a class="zola-anchor" href="#not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext" aria-label="Anchor link for: not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Since <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/os/exec#CommandContext">CommandContext</a> does not allow to send a signal to the negative pid of the child process, it has to be implemented by Gitea itself, in a way that is similar to how the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec.go#L75-82">Friendly Forge Format library</a> does it: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code> ctxErr := watchCtx(ctx, cmd.Process.Pid) + err = cmd.Wait() + interruptErr := <-ctxErr + // If cmd.Wait returned an error, prefer that. + // Otherwise, report any error from the interrupt goroutine. + if interruptErr != nil && err == nil { + err = interruptErr + } +</code></pre> +<h3 id="testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed">Testing the bug is fixed and stays fixed<a class="zola-anchor" href="#testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed" aria-label="Anchor link for: testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Long standing bugs that are difficult to reproduce manually such as this one require robust testing to ensure that: +<ul> +<li>the diagnostic identifying the root cause is correct</li> +<li>the bug fix works</li> +<li>it does not resurface insidiously because of a subtle regression introduce years later</li> +</ul> +It is easy to implement as can be seen in the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L44-76">Friendly Forge Format library</a>. In a nutshell: +<ul> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L53">git clone https://4.4.4.4</a> which will hang because of firewall rules</li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L60-65">wait for the git-remote-https</a> grandchild process to be spawned</li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L67-68">cancel the context and wait for the goroutine to terminate</a></li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L70-75">verify the git-remote-https is killed</a></li> +</ul> +And with that... no more zombies! + + + + [diagnostic] Zombies created by Gitea + 2022-06-02T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-02T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies/ + The first <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/3242">issue about zombie processes</a> created by Gitea was reported in 2017 and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/13987">resurfaced</a> on a <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19077">regular basis</a>. Although it does not look pretty, zombie processes are leftovers that do not consume resources and never caused any kind of harm. Here is one scenario that will create a zombie: +<ul> +<li>Gitea updates a mirror by spawning the process <code>git remote update</code></li> +<li><code>git remote update</code> spawns yet another process, <code>git fetch</code></li> +<li><code>git fetch</code> is stuck, for instance because of network problems, and Gitea eventually times out</li> +<li>Gitea kill the process <code>git remote update</code></li> +<li>When killed <code>git remote update</code> does not kill its own child and <code>git fetch</code> becomes an orphaned process which keeps running</li> +<li>When <code>git fetch</code> eventually completes it becomes a zombie because its original parent is no longer around to wait on it</li> +</ul> +<h3 id="pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans">PID 1 process and waiting on orphans<a class="zola-anchor" href="#pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans" aria-label="Anchor link for: pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans" + >#</a +> +</h3> +This scenario is not unique to Gitea and it is such a common pattern that safeguards have been implemented to mitigate the proliferation of zombies. Orphaned process are automatically attached to the process with PID 1, which is expected to wait on every process, whether it created them or not. When Gitea is installed from binary on GNU/Linux this is <code>/bin/init</code> and when Gitea runs from the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/6171ea7d318c0ca8714bc6efd6a97ea4b495eb6d/Dockerfile">default docker image</a> this is <code>s6</code>: they will both wait on orphaned processes and there won't be any zombies. +<h3 id="what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process">What if Gitea is the only running process?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process" + >#</a +> +</h3> +But when Gitea runs from the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/6171ea7d318c0ca8714bc6efd6a97ea4b495eb6d/Dockerfile.rootless">rootless docker image</a>, Gitea is the only process running in the container. Orphaned processes will have Gitea as a parent but will not wait on them and they will stay in a zombie state forever. To reproduce this problem in a minimal way: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker run --name gitea -p 8080:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless +$ docker exec --user 1000 gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com +</code></pre> +The <code>git</code> command can then be replaced with a script that waits forever: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ ( echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nsleep infinity' ) | docker exec -i --user root gitea tee /usr/bin/git +$ docker exec --user root gitea chmod +x /usr/bin/git +</code></pre> +Trying to create a repository from the web interface will create the conditions for a zombie to show: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 164 git {git} /bin/bash /usr/bin/git -c credential.helper= -c protocol.version=2 -c uploadpack.allowfilter=true -c uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant=true init --bare + 164 165 sleep sleep infinity +</code></pre> +When the <code>git</code> process is killed by Gitea, the <code>sleep</code> child will be orphaned: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 165 sleep sleep infinity +</code></pre> +Killing it will turn it into a zombie: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea kill 165 +$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 165 sleep [sleep] +</code></pre> +<h3 id="killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children">Killing a child process and all its children<a class="zola-anchor" href="#killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children" aria-label="Anchor link for: killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children" + >#</a +> +</h3> +There should be no need for an admin running Gitea to worry about those gory details, it should be taken care of regardless of the environment Gitea runs in. Fortunately there is a very simple way to avoid the creation of zombies by ensuring that all Gitea child process are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_group">process group leaders</a>. In a nutshell it means that when the child is killed all its children and grand children are also killed. + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.15 and up: path not found or permission denied + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/path-not-found/ + In Gitea 1.15 the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/custom/conf/app.example.ini">app.example.ini</a> file was changed to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/commit/4a84022d2559ccfc99960c7c654ee8b9b38664f7">comment out most of the values</a>. The assumption was that all values exactly matched the defaults <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/setting/setting.go">in the source code</a>. However, there are differences, for instance for <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/modules/setting/setting.go#L771">APP_DATA_PATH</a>. Before Gitea 1.15, <code>app.example.ini</code> contained: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the directory from which the Gitea server was running. In Gitea 1.15 up to 1.16, it was commented out: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. +When a distribution such as voidlinux <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/master/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch">uses app.example.ini</a> as a base for the Gitea package, this change indirectly creates a regression and an upgrade of Gitea <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19367">fails with errors</a> such as <code>unable to open level db at data/data/queues/common: mkdir data: permission denied</code>. The regression did not show as soon as Gitea 1.15 became available in voidlinux because the package <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/7fc9190f0e0d557dd5031e68df4e183892d4315b/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch#L62">explicitly set <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code></a>. But this <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/19d986a2cae9ce73d32552ddb62443b5e7fa13e2">changed when Gitea 1.15.6 was packaged</a> and once the value was commented out, upgrading triggered the problem. This was worked around six month later with the <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/44b6c96fa12ce9d993c7a2ac9486d892735b7e3a">Gitea 1.16.8</a> package. +The <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code> directory is not the only one, the <code>[log] ROOT_PATH</code> is another example. There is an <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19815">ongoing effort</a> to improve the situation in Gitea 1.17. With the downside of introducing breaking changes that will have an impact on all Gitea installations because the content of the <code>app.ini</code> file will be interpreted differently. In the case of <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code>, both: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +will be interpreted to be relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. Every Gitea installation using APP_DATA_PATH = data will need to update the value to be an absolute path such as /var/lib/gitea/data so that it keeps pointing to the expected directory. +In order to prepare for the change or ensure the consistency of all path, there fortunately is a very simple solution: always use absolute paths in the <code>app.ini</code> configuration file. + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.16.[678] error: fatal: unsafe repository is owned by someone else + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/ + April 12, 2022 version <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqv8veb5i6.fsf@gitster.g/">git v2.35.2</a> was released and addresses a security issue <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. It was backported to 2.30.3, v2.31.2, v2.32.1, v2.33.2, and v2.34.2 and published by distributions such as <a href="https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-24765">Debian GNU/Linux</a>, <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +If Gitea runs as user <code>foo</code>, calls a patched Git version and a parent directory of the git repositories is owned by a user other than <code>foo</code>, it will fail with a message such as: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>Failed to open repository: Git/Data Error: exit status 128 - fatal: unsafe repository ('/data/git/repositories/git/data.git' is owned by someone else) +</code></pre> +This started to show in the past few weeks to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455">users running the Gitea binary on Windows</a> who also independently installed git v2.36. And then to people running <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106331149">Gitea from snap</a>, on <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106312061">a Synology NAS</a> and then people running from <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/Dockerfile#L2">Gitea docker images</a> which is based on <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +<h3 id="workarounds">Workarounds<a class="zola-anchor" href="#workarounds" aria-label="Anchor link for: workarounds" + >#</a +> +</h3> +<ul> +<li>If using <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/gitea/gitea">Gitea docker images</a>: +<ul> +<li>upgrade to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">Gitea >=1.16.9</a> or 1.17, both have git >=2.36</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>If the Gitea binary was installed independently of git, upgrade git to a version that is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a> and disable the security check entirely with: +<ul> +<li>impersonate the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">user dedicated to Gitea</a> (usually git)</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<h3 id="bug-fix">Bug fix<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix" + >#</a +> +</h3> +The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19870">bug fix</a> is for Gitea to ensure <code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code> is set on its <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">dedicated user</a> when it initializes. It is effective on the condition that the git CLI version is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a>. +<h3 id="bug-fix-rationale">Bug fix rationale<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix-rationale" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix-rationale" + >#</a +> +</h3> +It is safe to <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs">disable the security check in Gitea</a>. It is not vulnerable to <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a> because it calls the git CLI <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/command.go#L160">after changing its working directory</a> to be the git repository targeted by the command (for instance <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/diff.go#L38-L45">diff</a>) or a temporary directory. Therefore it will not explore the parent directories looking for a git configuration file. +The security check is triggered because the repository is owned by an unexpected user (root instead of git typically) and not because a parent directory is owned by an unexpected user. This, in itself, is a problem worth investigating but it is unrelated and was revealed by the newer security check of git even though it does not match the threat described in <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. +It appears non trivial to enforce a consistent ownership of files and directories, either within docker or outside docker when networked file systems are involved. The Gitea server was not troubled by this inconsistency so far because the permissions allow it to write and read where expected, regardless of the owner. It is not worth looking into but it is ancient and unrelated. +Gitea runs under a dedicated user, either when installed <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">from binary</a> or from <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">docker</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/git.go#L196-L207">modifies the global git configuration</a> depending on the git version at initialization time. Fixing the problem can therefore be done by <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs#bcd72ff867cbd1ddd5b6518c3a05b5f1a6021286_209_209">disabling the security check in the global git config file at initialization time</a>. It also requires a minimum version of git 2.36 to be installed, which is the case for Gitea docker images with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">versions >= 1.16.9</a>. + + + + [solved] blank or error 500 page after login + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/ + The <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/upgrade-from-gitea/#upgrade-from-binary">instructions to upgrade a Gitea instance</a> only require three to four steps. They work fine most of the time but the documentation is lacking a "Troubleshooting" section to help out when something goes wrong. Maintaining instructions on how to diagnose and fix upgrade problems is an ambitious undertaking and requires updates every time a new case is discovered. +An <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/things-to-know-about-gitea-upgrades/39">inventory of the known upgrade issues</a> was started to figure out how to structure such a section in the documentation. The <a href="https://blog.gitea.io/">release notes</a> were analyzed all the way back to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.9.6">Gitea 1.9.6</a> and the work is still in progress. Here is a sample of the tips that will be included: +<ul> +<li>Upgrade directly to the latest Gitea version, there is no need to upgrade to intermediate versions.</li> +<li>If the upgrade from version x.y to version x.y+2 fails and there is a need to narrow down the problem, try upgrading to the latest minor version of each major version and verify it works.</li> +<li>etc.</li> +</ul> +However, even with the best documentation, someone will eventually run into an new problem and fixing it without compromising the integrity of the data will be challenging. This is best demonstrated by a real world example that was concluded a few days ago. +<h1 id="getting-help-from-the-community">Getting help from the community<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-help-from-the-community" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-help-from-the-community" + >#</a +> +</h1> +After <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">upgrading a Gitea intsance from 1.9.6 to 1.16.5</a> the tests conducted manually did not uncover any problem. However, after going to production, some users saw a blank page after login and had to manually type the URL of the project they wanted to see in the browser. The person in charge of the upgrade never had to diagnose Gitea problem and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">reached out in the Gitea forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: explain the problem in a public forum as early as possible to get help from the community +</blockquote> +In their post in the forum they explained how they attempted to diagnose the problem and how why they thought that only users created a few years ago were impacted. It was a detailed analysis that was concluded with a partial copy of the logs. It was unfortunately missing <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">key information</a> that was provided only three days later. In the meantime, as they could not figure out the source of the problem, they were on the verge of <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/11">accepting the loss of all the Gitea database</a> and start over from the repositories. However, once all the details were available, <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">a workaround</a> was suggested in the forum. +<blockquote> +Tip: focus more on providing detailed facts than exposing the attempted diagnostic +</blockquote> +There was hope to fix Gitea and in the following days they applied the workaround. They also tried to improve it but without success and eventually accepted a partial data loss as inevitable and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">reported their success back to the forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: when getting support from the community, providing feedback is the best token of appreciation +</blockquote> +<h1 id="getting-professional-help">Getting professional help<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-professional-help" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-professional-help" + >#</a +> +</h1> +The <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">Gna! Clinic</a> is a collective of individual and companies that provides professional services to Gitea admins. They are active members of the Gitea community who <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/u/dachary/activity">help out</a> as volunteers. They can also be hired to resolve the more complicated cases. +The Gitea instance that was in trouble required more than a few minutes of work and access to the database content for a proper diagnostic. They <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">proposed their assistance</a> but although <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/user-research-about-gitea-upgrade-experiences-call-for-volunteers/5063/2">well received</a>, it was not accepted. +When the Gitea admin explained how they chose to resolve the problem <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">on the forum</a>, it confirmed the workaround was viable and the root problem was identified. That was enough to figure out a fix for the underlying bug with <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a rather simple patch</a> that was merged <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">and backported</a> in the following days. But it happened too late to avoid the data loss. +To summarize with a timeline, here is what happened: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login and a the Gitea admin tries to diagnose the problem</li> +<li>J+2: A message is sent to ask for help in the community</li> +<li>J+2 to J+6: Three people in the community suggest ideas but the Gitea admin cannot figure out the root cause and is on the verge of accepting the loss of all Gitea data and restart from the git repositories</li> +<li>J+6: A workaround is suggested by the community</li> +<li>J+7 to J+17: The Gitea admin applies the workaround and only looses part of the Gitea data</li> +</ul> +And in retrospect, here is what could have happened instead: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login</li> +<li>J+1: The Gitea admin <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">reaches out to someone at the Gna! Clinic</a></li> +<li>J+2: The <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">logs of the Gitea instance</a> are analyzed, the root cause diagnosed and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a patch</a> is created to fix it.</li> +<li>J+3: If necessary a Gitea binary is created with the patch and used as a temporary replacement until the next point release is published with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">the backport</a>. The Gitea admin runs the patched Gitea binary in the meantime. There is no data loss.</li> +</ul> +It does not mean all upgrade problems can be resolved so easily. But it shows, with an example, that in some cases it makes sense to get professional help. + + + diff --git a/tags/problem/index.html b/tags/problem/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..596f4e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/problem/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,508 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + problem | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

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+ + diff --git a/tags/troubleshoot/atom.xml b/tags/troubleshoot/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2394b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/troubleshoot/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,452 @@ + + + - troubleshoot + + + Zola + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/tags/troubleshoot/atom.xml + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 2: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/ + On June 21st, 2022 1.17.0-rc1 was published and the location of the gitconfig file moved to a new location, <a href="2022-06-23-1.17-breaking-episode-1">which required manual intervention</a>. This change impacted a large number of Gitea installations because the docker image tag latest <a href="https://mastodon.online/@hostea/108514134565401798">was set to 1.17.0-rc1</a> by accident. As a result, about 10,000 pulls per hour from the docker hub got the release candidate instead of the expected stable version. +Unfortunately moving the git home directory in 1.17.0-rc1 was implemented in way that created a security problem. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/20114">fix that was merged in Gitea</a> to fix it requires moving the gitconfig file and was released July 19th, 2022 in 1.17.0-rc2. +This would have been a minor inconvenience if it only has an impact on adventurous people trying the release candidate in a test environment. But since all Gitea production installations based on the latest tag were inadvertently upgraded to 1.17.0-rc1, the admins who moved their custom .gitconfig will need to move it one more time when upgrading to 1.17.0-rc2. +In 1.17.0-rc2, a custom .gitconfig must be moved manually to the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/config-cheat-sheet/#git-git">new git home directory</a> as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Data Root Path/home (which is <code>/data/gitea/home</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> + + + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 1: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-1/ + Before version 1.17, when Gitea needed to change the <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config">git configuration</a>, it modified the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file. For instance it would <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/release/v1.16/modules/git/git.go#L174-L177">set core.quotePath to false</a>: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[core] + quotePath = false +</code></pre> +When installing Gitea <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">from docker</a> or <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker-rootless/">rootless</a> or even <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/">from binary</a> this <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file belongs to a user that is <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#prepare-environment">dedicated to Gitea</a> and not used by anyone else. +However, if an Gitea installation was done differently and <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> has been customized because it is shared by a user or another application, there is a good chance that manual modifications were done such as: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[user] + name = Jane Doe + email = jane@doe.com +</code></pre> +It is also possible that the file was modified manually by the Gitea admin for other reasons. In both there is a potential for breakage when upgrading to Gitea >= 1.17 because the location of the file changed. It must be moved manually to the new location as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Repository Root Path (which is <code>/data/git/repositories</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> +The reason why this breaking change was introduced is to workaround <a href="https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/">a rare problem</a> impacting Gitea installations relying on networked volumes. + + + + [tutorial] A gentle introduction to the gitea doctor + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/ + While helping people with their upgrades <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/migration-from-1-2-to-1-16-8/5309">in the Gitea forum</a> or <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/gitea-upgrade-from-1-14-1-to-1-16-8/90">at the Gna! clinic</a>, I realized that few Gitea admins know about the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/command-line/#doctor"><code>gitea doctor</code></a> command and decided to write this blog post as a gentle introduction. +<h3 id="an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away">An apple a day keeps the doctor away<a class="zola-anchor" href="#an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" aria-label="Anchor link for: an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Or in our case, Gitea versions <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.11.5/cmd/doctor.go">below 1.11.5</a>. Since then, the <code>gitea doctor</code> is available and is designed to run against a specific Gitea version. It would not be a good idea to try to run the doctor from Gitea 1.16 to verify the sanity of a Gitea 1.2 instance: it will be confused by how the database is organized and a number of other details. Historical fun fact: the <code>gitea doctor</code> was backported to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.5/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.5</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.6/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.6</a> and may be of help if you run this particular version and are facing the problem that motivated the backport. +With each version <code>gitea doctor</code> improves and gains new capabilities. For instance, in Gitea 1.17 it becomes aware of <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19731">orphaned pull requests</a> and is able to fix them. If such a problem exists in Gitea 1.16, it does not know about it. +<h3 id="calling-the-doctor">Calling the doctor<a class="zola-anchor" href="#calling-the-doctor" aria-label="Anchor link for: calling-the-doctor" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In the following, examples are based on a Gitea 1.16.8 instance you can run as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker run --name gitea -p 3000:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless +$ docker exec gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com +$ docker exec gitea mkdir /var/lib/gitea/data/log +</code></pre> +And then you can go to the <a href="https://127.0.0.1:3000/">web interface</a> to create a <code>test</code> repository, with an initial <code>README.md</code> file. When this is done the doctor can be called as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --all +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/etc/gitea/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/custom" + - [I] Work directory: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/data/log" +OK +[2] Check if there is garbage storage files +OK +[3] Check Database Version +OK +[4] Check consistency of database +OK +[5] Check if user with wrong type exist +OK +[6] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +[7] Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + - [I] ScriptType bash is on the current PATH at /bin/bash +OK +[8] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +[9] Recalculate Stars number for all user +OK +[10] Check old archives + - [I] 0 old archives in repository need to be deleted +OK +[11] Enable push options + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +OK +[12] Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + - [W] Found 0 broken repo_units +OK +[13] Recalculate merge bases + - [W] 0 PRs with incorrect mergebases of 0 PRs total in 1 repos +OK +[14] Check git-daemon-export-ok files + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +</code></pre> +<h3 id="what-does-the-doctor-know">What does the doctor know?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-does-the-doctor-know" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-does-the-doctor-know" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Although the <code>doctor</code> can be compared to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fsck">fsck(8)</a>, it does not know everything. It took decades for <code>fsck</code> to become the ultimate authority on finding problems on file systems and reliably fixing them without losing data. Nowadays, only a handful of people in the world are brave enough to manually attempt a file system recovery when <code>fsck</code> cannot recover from a data loss. +The first <code>doctor</code> version is two years old and Gitea admins are still routinely running SQL queries against the database or moving files around when trying to figure out why a Gitea instance is not behaving as it should. It is however worth checking if the doctor does not already have a solution by listing all it can do: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --list +Default Name Title +* paths Check paths and basic configuration + storages Check if there is garbage storage files +* check-db-version Check Database Version + check-db-consistency Check consistency of database +* check-user-type Check if user with wrong type exist +* authorized-keys Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date + script-type Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + hooks Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + recalculate-stars-number Recalculate Stars number for all user + check-old-archives Check old archives + enable-push-options Enable push options + fix-broken-repo-units Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + recalculate-merge-bases Recalculate merge bases + check-git-daemon-export-ok Check git-daemon-export-ok files +</code></pre> +And then call the <code>check</code> that looks interesting: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run authorized-keys +[1] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +</code></pre> +The challenge is to figure out which <code>check</code> does what and at the moment the best source of information is ... <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8">the sources</a> themselves. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/cmd/doctor.go">doctor.go</a> command is the entry point and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8/modules/doctor">the doctor directory</a> contains the rest. +Some <code>checks</code> are straightforward to understand, even if you do not know Go, such as <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/modules/doctor/authorizedkeys.go">the authorized-keys check</a>. Others are much more involved and your best chance is to <a href="https://matrix.to/#/#gitea:matrix.org">ask the Gitea chatroom</a> for help. +<h3 id="is-it-going-to-hurt">Is it going to hurt?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#is-it-going-to-hurt" aria-label="Anchor link for: is-it-going-to-hurt" + >#</a +> +</h3> +By default the doctor (very much like <code>fsck -N</code>) only performs non destructive checks and displays diagnostics, with an indication of how serious the problem is. In the example above, there only are lines with [I] (which indicates an information) and [W] which indicates a warning that can be ignored but may be worth looking into. Those two warnings are actually just informational and should be labelled as [I], <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19836">which has been fixed</a> in a more recent version of the doctor. +Now let's do something bad: remove the permissions from a hook in our repository: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea chmod -x /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive +</code></pre> +Run the doctor with the <code>check</code> supposed to find that out: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +Ask it to fix this with the <code>--fix</code> flag: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks --fix +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] Regenerated hooks for root/test + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +And run it one last time to check all is well: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +</code></pre> +Even when the doctor is unable to fix a problem, it can help by showing extensive debug output which can be found, by default, in the <code>doctor.log</code> file in the directory from which it runs. Or it can be displayed on the standard output with <code>--log-file -</code>, which is most convenient when running in docker. +<h3 id="going-further">Going further<a class="zola-anchor" href="#going-further" aria-label="Anchor link for: going-further" + >#</a +> +</h3> +If that was helpful to you, I would very much appreciate if you <a href="https://mastodon.online/@dachary">send me a message on Mastodon</a>. It will encourage me to write more blog posts to share what I learn about Gitea. Even better: you could <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pulls">send a pull request</a> to improve the doctor and help it mature. + + + + [solved] Zombies created by Gitea + 2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies-part-2/ + Gitea can <a href="/blog/zombies">create zombies</a>, for instance if a Git mirror takes too long. When updating a mirror, Gitea relies on the <code>git remote update</code> command which creates a child process, <code>git-remote-https</code>, to fetch data from the remote repository. Gitea has an internal timeout that will kill the child process (e.g. <code>git remote update</code>) when it takes too long but will not kill the grandchild. This grandchild will become an orphan and run forever or until its own timeout expires, which is about two minutes on git version 2.25. +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ time git clone https://4.4.4.4 +Clonage dans '4.4.4.4'... +fatal: impossible d'accéder à 'https://4.4.4.4/': Failed to connect to 4.4.4.4 port 443: Connexion terminée par expiration du délai d'attente + +real 2m9,753s +user 0m0,001s +sys 0m0,009s +</code></pre> +As explained in the <a href="/blog/zombies/#killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children">diagnostic blog post regarding Gitea zombies</a> there fortunately is a very simple way to avoid this by making sure each Gitea child is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_group">process group leader</a>. That first step was <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19865">introduced in Gitea 1.17</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19865">backported to Gitea 1.16.9</a>. The actual bug fix can now be implemented. +<h3 id="using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children">Using negative process id to kill children<a class="zola-anchor" href="#using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children" aria-label="Anchor link for: using-negative-process-id-to-kill-children" + >#</a +> +</h3> +When Gitea timeout on a child, it relies on <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/blob/f8a53df314e4af8cd350eedb0dae77d4c4fc30d0/src/os/exec/exec.go#L650">os.Process.Kill</a> which translates into a using the kill(2) system call to send a SIGKILL signal to unconditionally terminate it: <code>kill(pid, SIGKILL)</code>. Using a negative pid with <code>kill(-pid, SIGKILL)</code> will also terminate all processes created by Gitea's child, without Gitea knowing when or why they were created. From the kill(2) manual page: +<blockquote> +If pid is less than -1, then sig is sent to every process in the process group whose ID is -pid. +</blockquote> +Which is implemented as follows in the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec.go#L130">Friendly Forge Format library</a>: +<blockquote> +<code>syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)</code> +</blockquote> +<h3 id="not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext">Not using the default Go CommandContext<a class="zola-anchor" href="#not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext" aria-label="Anchor link for: not-using-the-default-go-commandcontext" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Since <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/os/exec#CommandContext">CommandContext</a> does not allow to send a signal to the negative pid of the child process, it has to be implemented by Gitea itself, in a way that is similar to how the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec.go#L75-82">Friendly Forge Format library</a> does it: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code> ctxErr := watchCtx(ctx, cmd.Process.Pid) + err = cmd.Wait() + interruptErr := <-ctxErr + // If cmd.Wait returned an error, prefer that. + // Otherwise, report any error from the interrupt goroutine. + if interruptErr != nil && err == nil { + err = interruptErr + } +</code></pre> +<h3 id="testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed">Testing the bug is fixed and stays fixed<a class="zola-anchor" href="#testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed" aria-label="Anchor link for: testing-the-bug-is-fixed-and-stays-fixed" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Long standing bugs that are difficult to reproduce manually such as this one require robust testing to ensure that: +<ul> +<li>the diagnostic identifying the root cause is correct</li> +<li>the bug fix works</li> +<li>it does not resurface insidiously because of a subtle regression introduce years later</li> +</ul> +It is easy to implement as can be seen in the <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L44-76">Friendly Forge Format library</a>. In a nutshell: +<ul> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L53">git clone https://4.4.4.4</a> which will hang because of firewall rules</li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L60-65">wait for the git-remote-https</a> grandchild process to be spawned</li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L67-68">cancel the context and wait for the goroutine to terminate</a></li> +<li><a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/friendlyforgeformat/gofff/-/blob/a9603c7cc934fccd4382b7f4309b75c852742480/util/exec_test.go#L70-75">verify the git-remote-https is killed</a></li> +</ul> +And with that... no more zombies! + + + + [diagnostic] Zombies created by Gitea + 2022-06-02T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-02T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/zombies/ + The first <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/3242">issue about zombie processes</a> created by Gitea was reported in 2017 and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/13987">resurfaced</a> on a <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19077">regular basis</a>. Although it does not look pretty, zombie processes are leftovers that do not consume resources and never caused any kind of harm. Here is one scenario that will create a zombie: +<ul> +<li>Gitea updates a mirror by spawning the process <code>git remote update</code></li> +<li><code>git remote update</code> spawns yet another process, <code>git fetch</code></li> +<li><code>git fetch</code> is stuck, for instance because of network problems, and Gitea eventually times out</li> +<li>Gitea kill the process <code>git remote update</code></li> +<li>When killed <code>git remote update</code> does not kill its own child and <code>git fetch</code> becomes an orphaned process which keeps running</li> +<li>When <code>git fetch</code> eventually completes it becomes a zombie because its original parent is no longer around to wait on it</li> +</ul> +<h3 id="pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans">PID 1 process and waiting on orphans<a class="zola-anchor" href="#pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans" aria-label="Anchor link for: pid-1-process-and-waiting-on-orphans" + >#</a +> +</h3> +This scenario is not unique to Gitea and it is such a common pattern that safeguards have been implemented to mitigate the proliferation of zombies. Orphaned process are automatically attached to the process with PID 1, which is expected to wait on every process, whether it created them or not. When Gitea is installed from binary on GNU/Linux this is <code>/bin/init</code> and when Gitea runs from the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/6171ea7d318c0ca8714bc6efd6a97ea4b495eb6d/Dockerfile">default docker image</a> this is <code>s6</code>: they will both wait on orphaned processes and there won't be any zombies. +<h3 id="what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process">What if Gitea is the only running process?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-if-gitea-is-the-only-running-process" + >#</a +> +</h3> +But when Gitea runs from the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/6171ea7d318c0ca8714bc6efd6a97ea4b495eb6d/Dockerfile.rootless">rootless docker image</a>, Gitea is the only process running in the container. Orphaned processes will have Gitea as a parent but will not wait on them and they will stay in a zombie state forever. To reproduce this problem in a minimal way: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker run --name gitea -p 8080:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless +$ docker exec --user 1000 gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com +</code></pre> +The <code>git</code> command can then be replaced with a script that waits forever: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ ( echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nsleep infinity' ) | docker exec -i --user root gitea tee /usr/bin/git +$ docker exec --user root gitea chmod +x /usr/bin/git +</code></pre> +Trying to create a repository from the web interface will create the conditions for a zombie to show: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 164 git {git} /bin/bash /usr/bin/git -c credential.helper= -c protocol.version=2 -c uploadpack.allowfilter=true -c uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant=true init --bare + 164 165 sleep sleep infinity +</code></pre> +When the <code>git</code> process is killed by Gitea, the <code>sleep</code> child will be orphaned: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 165 sleep sleep infinity +</code></pre> +Killing it will turn it into a zombie: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>$ docker exec gitea kill 165 +$ docker exec gitea ps -o ppid,pid,comm,args +PPID PID COMMAND COMMAND + 0 1 gitea /usr/local/bin/gitea -c /etc/gitea/app.ini web + 1 94 sleep [sleep] + 1 99 sleep [sleep] + 1 111 sleep [sleep] + 1 165 sleep [sleep] +</code></pre> +<h3 id="killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children">Killing a child process and all its children<a class="zola-anchor" href="#killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children" aria-label="Anchor link for: killing-a-child-process-and-all-its-children" + >#</a +> +</h3> +There should be no need for an admin running Gitea to worry about those gory details, it should be taken care of regardless of the environment Gitea runs in. Fortunately there is a very simple way to avoid the creation of zombies by ensuring that all Gitea child process are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_group">process group leaders</a>. In a nutshell it means that when the child is killed all its children and grand children are also killed. + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.15 and up: path not found or permission denied + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/path-not-found/ + In Gitea 1.15 the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/custom/conf/app.example.ini">app.example.ini</a> file was changed to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/commit/4a84022d2559ccfc99960c7c654ee8b9b38664f7">comment out most of the values</a>. The assumption was that all values exactly matched the defaults <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/setting/setting.go">in the source code</a>. However, there are differences, for instance for <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/modules/setting/setting.go#L771">APP_DATA_PATH</a>. Before Gitea 1.15, <code>app.example.ini</code> contained: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the directory from which the Gitea server was running. In Gitea 1.15 up to 1.16, it was commented out: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. +When a distribution such as voidlinux <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/master/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch">uses app.example.ini</a> as a base for the Gitea package, this change indirectly creates a regression and an upgrade of Gitea <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19367">fails with errors</a> such as <code>unable to open level db at data/data/queues/common: mkdir data: permission denied</code>. The regression did not show as soon as Gitea 1.15 became available in voidlinux because the package <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/7fc9190f0e0d557dd5031e68df4e183892d4315b/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch#L62">explicitly set <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code></a>. But this <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/19d986a2cae9ce73d32552ddb62443b5e7fa13e2">changed when Gitea 1.15.6 was packaged</a> and once the value was commented out, upgrading triggered the problem. This was worked around six month later with the <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/44b6c96fa12ce9d993c7a2ac9486d892735b7e3a">Gitea 1.16.8</a> package. +The <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code> directory is not the only one, the <code>[log] ROOT_PATH</code> is another example. There is an <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19815">ongoing effort</a> to improve the situation in Gitea 1.17. With the downside of introducing breaking changes that will have an impact on all Gitea installations because the content of the <code>app.ini</code> file will be interpreted differently. In the case of <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code>, both: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +will be interpreted to be relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. Every Gitea installation using APP_DATA_PATH = data will need to update the value to be an absolute path such as /var/lib/gitea/data so that it keeps pointing to the expected directory. +In order to prepare for the change or ensure the consistency of all path, there fortunately is a very simple solution: always use absolute paths in the <code>app.ini</code> configuration file. + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.16.[678] error: fatal: unsafe repository is owned by someone else + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/ + April 12, 2022 version <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqv8veb5i6.fsf@gitster.g/">git v2.35.2</a> was released and addresses a security issue <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. It was backported to 2.30.3, v2.31.2, v2.32.1, v2.33.2, and v2.34.2 and published by distributions such as <a href="https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-24765">Debian GNU/Linux</a>, <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +If Gitea runs as user <code>foo</code>, calls a patched Git version and a parent directory of the git repositories is owned by a user other than <code>foo</code>, it will fail with a message such as: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>Failed to open repository: Git/Data Error: exit status 128 - fatal: unsafe repository ('/data/git/repositories/git/data.git' is owned by someone else) +</code></pre> +This started to show in the past few weeks to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455">users running the Gitea binary on Windows</a> who also independently installed git v2.36. And then to people running <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106331149">Gitea from snap</a>, on <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106312061">a Synology NAS</a> and then people running from <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/Dockerfile#L2">Gitea docker images</a> which is based on <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +<h3 id="workarounds">Workarounds<a class="zola-anchor" href="#workarounds" aria-label="Anchor link for: workarounds" + >#</a +> +</h3> +<ul> +<li>If using <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/gitea/gitea">Gitea docker images</a>: +<ul> +<li>upgrade to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">Gitea >=1.16.9</a> or 1.17, both have git >=2.36</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>If the Gitea binary was installed independently of git, upgrade git to a version that is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a> and disable the security check entirely with: +<ul> +<li>impersonate the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">user dedicated to Gitea</a> (usually git)</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<h3 id="bug-fix">Bug fix<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix" + >#</a +> +</h3> +The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19870">bug fix</a> is for Gitea to ensure <code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code> is set on its <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">dedicated user</a> when it initializes. It is effective on the condition that the git CLI version is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a>. +<h3 id="bug-fix-rationale">Bug fix rationale<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix-rationale" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix-rationale" + >#</a +> +</h3> +It is safe to <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs">disable the security check in Gitea</a>. It is not vulnerable to <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a> because it calls the git CLI <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/command.go#L160">after changing its working directory</a> to be the git repository targeted by the command (for instance <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/diff.go#L38-L45">diff</a>) or a temporary directory. Therefore it will not explore the parent directories looking for a git configuration file. +The security check is triggered because the repository is owned by an unexpected user (root instead of git typically) and not because a parent directory is owned by an unexpected user. This, in itself, is a problem worth investigating but it is unrelated and was revealed by the newer security check of git even though it does not match the threat described in <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. +It appears non trivial to enforce a consistent ownership of files and directories, either within docker or outside docker when networked file systems are involved. The Gitea server was not troubled by this inconsistency so far because the permissions allow it to write and read where expected, regardless of the owner. It is not worth looking into but it is ancient and unrelated. +Gitea runs under a dedicated user, either when installed <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">from binary</a> or from <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">docker</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/git.go#L196-L207">modifies the global git configuration</a> depending on the git version at initialization time. Fixing the problem can therefore be done by <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs#bcd72ff867cbd1ddd5b6518c3a05b5f1a6021286_209_209">disabling the security check in the global git config file at initialization time</a>. It also requires a minimum version of git 2.36 to be installed, which is the case for Gitea docker images with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">versions >= 1.16.9</a>. + + + + [solved] blank or error 500 page after login + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/ + The <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/upgrade-from-gitea/#upgrade-from-binary">instructions to upgrade a Gitea instance</a> only require three to four steps. They work fine most of the time but the documentation is lacking a "Troubleshooting" section to help out when something goes wrong. Maintaining instructions on how to diagnose and fix upgrade problems is an ambitious undertaking and requires updates every time a new case is discovered. +An <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/things-to-know-about-gitea-upgrades/39">inventory of the known upgrade issues</a> was started to figure out how to structure such a section in the documentation. The <a href="https://blog.gitea.io/">release notes</a> were analyzed all the way back to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.9.6">Gitea 1.9.6</a> and the work is still in progress. Here is a sample of the tips that will be included: +<ul> +<li>Upgrade directly to the latest Gitea version, there is no need to upgrade to intermediate versions.</li> +<li>If the upgrade from version x.y to version x.y+2 fails and there is a need to narrow down the problem, try upgrading to the latest minor version of each major version and verify it works.</li> +<li>etc.</li> +</ul> +However, even with the best documentation, someone will eventually run into an new problem and fixing it without compromising the integrity of the data will be challenging. This is best demonstrated by a real world example that was concluded a few days ago. +<h1 id="getting-help-from-the-community">Getting help from the community<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-help-from-the-community" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-help-from-the-community" + >#</a +> +</h1> +After <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">upgrading a Gitea intsance from 1.9.6 to 1.16.5</a> the tests conducted manually did not uncover any problem. However, after going to production, some users saw a blank page after login and had to manually type the URL of the project they wanted to see in the browser. The person in charge of the upgrade never had to diagnose Gitea problem and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">reached out in the Gitea forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: explain the problem in a public forum as early as possible to get help from the community +</blockquote> +In their post in the forum they explained how they attempted to diagnose the problem and how why they thought that only users created a few years ago were impacted. It was a detailed analysis that was concluded with a partial copy of the logs. It was unfortunately missing <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">key information</a> that was provided only three days later. In the meantime, as they could not figure out the source of the problem, they were on the verge of <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/11">accepting the loss of all the Gitea database</a> and start over from the repositories. However, once all the details were available, <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">a workaround</a> was suggested in the forum. +<blockquote> +Tip: focus more on providing detailed facts than exposing the attempted diagnostic +</blockquote> +There was hope to fix Gitea and in the following days they applied the workaround. They also tried to improve it but without success and eventually accepted a partial data loss as inevitable and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">reported their success back to the forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: when getting support from the community, providing feedback is the best token of appreciation +</blockquote> +<h1 id="getting-professional-help">Getting professional help<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-professional-help" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-professional-help" + >#</a +> +</h1> +The <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">Gna! Clinic</a> is a collective of individual and companies that provides professional services to Gitea admins. They are active members of the Gitea community who <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/u/dachary/activity">help out</a> as volunteers. They can also be hired to resolve the more complicated cases. +The Gitea instance that was in trouble required more than a few minutes of work and access to the database content for a proper diagnostic. They <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">proposed their assistance</a> but although <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/user-research-about-gitea-upgrade-experiences-call-for-volunteers/5063/2">well received</a>, it was not accepted. +When the Gitea admin explained how they chose to resolve the problem <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">on the forum</a>, it confirmed the workaround was viable and the root problem was identified. That was enough to figure out a fix for the underlying bug with <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a rather simple patch</a> that was merged <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">and backported</a> in the following days. But it happened too late to avoid the data loss. +To summarize with a timeline, here is what happened: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login and a the Gitea admin tries to diagnose the problem</li> +<li>J+2: A message is sent to ask for help in the community</li> +<li>J+2 to J+6: Three people in the community suggest ideas but the Gitea admin cannot figure out the root cause and is on the verge of accepting the loss of all Gitea data and restart from the git repositories</li> +<li>J+6: A workaround is suggested by the community</li> +<li>J+7 to J+17: The Gitea admin applies the workaround and only looses part of the Gitea data</li> +</ul> +And in retrospect, here is what could have happened instead: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login</li> +<li>J+1: The Gitea admin <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">reaches out to someone at the Gna! Clinic</a></li> +<li>J+2: The <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">logs of the Gitea instance</a> are analyzed, the root cause diagnosed and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a patch</a> is created to fix it.</li> +<li>J+3: If necessary a Gitea binary is created with the patch and used as a temporary replacement until the next point release is published with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">the backport</a>. The Gitea admin runs the patched Gitea binary in the meantime. There is no data loss.</li> +</ul> +It does not mean all upgrade problems can be resolved so easily. But it shows, with an example, that in some cases it makes sense to get professional help. + + + diff --git a/tags/troubleshoot/index.html b/tags/troubleshoot/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a93e32b --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/troubleshoot/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,508 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + troubleshoot | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

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+ + diff --git a/tags/tutorial/atom.xml b/tags/tutorial/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7f3fd70 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/tutorial/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ + + + - tutorial + + + Zola + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/tags/tutorial/atom.xml + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 2: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-07-20T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-2/ + On June 21st, 2022 1.17.0-rc1 was published and the location of the gitconfig file moved to a new location, <a href="2022-06-23-1.17-breaking-episode-1">which required manual intervention</a>. This change impacted a large number of Gitea installations because the docker image tag latest <a href="https://mastodon.online/@hostea/108514134565401798">was set to 1.17.0-rc1</a> by accident. As a result, about 10,000 pulls per hour from the docker hub got the release candidate instead of the expected stable version. +Unfortunately moving the git home directory in 1.17.0-rc1 was implemented in way that created a security problem. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/20114">fix that was merged in Gitea</a> to fix it requires moving the gitconfig file and was released July 19th, 2022 in 1.17.0-rc2. +This would have been a minor inconvenience if it only has an impact on adventurous people trying the release candidate in a test environment. But since all Gitea production installations based on the latest tag were inadvertently upgraded to 1.17.0-rc1, the admins who moved their custom .gitconfig will need to move it one more time when upgrading to 1.17.0-rc2. +In 1.17.0-rc2, a custom .gitconfig must be moved manually to the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/config-cheat-sheet/#git-git">new git home directory</a> as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Data Root Path/home (which is <code>/data/gitea/home</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> + + + + 1.17 breaking changes episode 1: preserving a custom gitconfig + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-22T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/1-17-breaking-episode-1/ + Before version 1.17, when Gitea needed to change the <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config">git configuration</a>, it modified the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file. For instance it would <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/release/v1.16/modules/git/git.go#L174-L177">set core.quotePath to false</a>: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[core] + quotePath = false +</code></pre> +When installing Gitea <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">from docker</a> or <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker-rootless/">rootless</a> or even <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/">from binary</a> this <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file belongs to a user that is <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#prepare-environment">dedicated to Gitea</a> and not used by anyone else. +However, if an Gitea installation was done differently and <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> has been customized because it is shared by a user or another application, there is a good chance that manual modifications were done such as: +<pre data-lang="ini" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-ini "><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[user] + name = Jane Doe + email = jane@doe.com +</code></pre> +It is also possible that the file was modified manually by the Gitea admin for other reasons. In both there is a potential for breakage when upgrading to Gitea >= 1.17 because the location of the file changed. It must be moved manually to the new location as follows: +<ul> +<li>Figure out the directory where <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> must be moved by <a href="https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/">running the doctor</a>:</li> +</ul> +<pre data-lang="shell" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-shell "><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ gitea --work-path /app/gitea -c /data/gitea/conf/app.ini doctor +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/data/gitea/conf/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/data/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/data/gitea" + - [I] Work directory: "/app/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/data/gitea/log" +OK +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li>Copy the <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> file to the Repository Root Path (which is <code>/data/git/repositories</code> in the example above).</li> +</ul> +The reason why this breaking change was introduced is to workaround <a href="https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/">a rare problem</a> impacting Gitea installations relying on networked volumes. + + + + [tutorial] A gentle introduction to the gitea doctor + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-06-14T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/gentle-introduction-to-the-doctor/ + While helping people with their upgrades <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/migration-from-1-2-to-1-16-8/5309">in the Gitea forum</a> or <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/gitea-upgrade-from-1-14-1-to-1-16-8/90">at the Gna! clinic</a>, I realized that few Gitea admins know about the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/command-line/#doctor"><code>gitea doctor</code></a> command and decided to write this blog post as a gentle introduction. +<h3 id="an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away">An apple a day keeps the doctor away<a class="zola-anchor" href="#an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" aria-label="Anchor link for: an-apple-a-day-keeps-the-doctor-away" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Or in our case, Gitea versions <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.11.5/cmd/doctor.go">below 1.11.5</a>. Since then, the <code>gitea doctor</code> is available and is designed to run against a specific Gitea version. It would not be a good idea to try to run the doctor from Gitea 1.16 to verify the sanity of a Gitea 1.2 instance: it will be confused by how the database is organized and a number of other details. Historical fun fact: the <code>gitea doctor</code> was backported to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.5/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.5</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.10.6/cmd/doctor.go">Gitea 1.10.6</a> and may be of help if you run this particular version and are facing the problem that motivated the backport. +With each version <code>gitea doctor</code> improves and gains new capabilities. For instance, in Gitea 1.17 it becomes aware of <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19731">orphaned pull requests</a> and is able to fix them. If such a problem exists in Gitea 1.16, it does not know about it. +<h3 id="calling-the-doctor">Calling the doctor<a class="zola-anchor" href="#calling-the-doctor" aria-label="Anchor link for: calling-the-doctor" + >#</a +> +</h3> +In the following, examples are based on a Gitea 1.16.8 instance you can run as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker run --name gitea -p 3000:3000 -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true -d gitea/gitea:1.16.8-rootless +$ docker exec gitea gitea admin user create --admin --username root --password admin1234 --email root@example.com +$ docker exec gitea mkdir /var/lib/gitea/data/log +</code></pre> +And then you can go to the <a href="https://127.0.0.1:3000/">web interface</a> to create a <code>test</code> repository, with an initial <code>README.md</code> file. When this is done the doctor can be called as follows: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --all +[1] Check paths and basic configuration + - [I] Configuration File Path: "/etc/gitea/app.ini" + - [I] Repository Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/git/repositories" + - [I] Data Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Custom File Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/custom" + - [I] Work directory: "/var/lib/gitea" + - [I] Log Root Path: "/var/lib/gitea/data/log" +OK +[2] Check if there is garbage storage files +OK +[3] Check Database Version +OK +[4] Check consistency of database +OK +[5] Check if user with wrong type exist +OK +[6] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +[7] Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + - [I] ScriptType bash is on the current PATH at /bin/bash +OK +[8] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +[9] Recalculate Stars number for all user +OK +[10] Check old archives + - [I] 0 old archives in repository need to be deleted +OK +[11] Enable push options + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +OK +[12] Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + - [W] Found 0 broken repo_units +OK +[13] Recalculate merge bases + - [W] 0 PRs with incorrect mergebases of 0 PRs total in 1 repos +OK +[14] Check git-daemon-export-ok files + - [I] Checked 1 repositories, 0 need updates. +</code></pre> +<h3 id="what-does-the-doctor-know">What does the doctor know?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#what-does-the-doctor-know" aria-label="Anchor link for: what-does-the-doctor-know" + >#</a +> +</h3> +Although the <code>doctor</code> can be compared to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fsck">fsck(8)</a>, it does not know everything. It took decades for <code>fsck</code> to become the ultimate authority on finding problems on file systems and reliably fixing them without losing data. Nowadays, only a handful of people in the world are brave enough to manually attempt a file system recovery when <code>fsck</code> cannot recover from a data loss. +The first <code>doctor</code> version is two years old and Gitea admins are still routinely running SQL queries against the database or moving files around when trying to figure out why a Gitea instance is not behaving as it should. It is however worth checking if the doctor does not already have a solution by listing all it can do: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --list +Default Name Title +* paths Check paths and basic configuration + storages Check if there is garbage storage files +* check-db-version Check Database Version + check-db-consistency Check consistency of database +* check-user-type Check if user with wrong type exist +* authorized-keys Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date + script-type Check if SCRIPT_TYPE is available + hooks Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + recalculate-stars-number Recalculate Stars number for all user + check-old-archives Check old archives + enable-push-options Enable push options + fix-broken-repo-units Check for incorrectly dumped repo_units (See #16961) + recalculate-merge-bases Recalculate merge bases + check-git-daemon-export-ok Check git-daemon-export-ok files +</code></pre> +And then call the <code>check</code> that looks interesting: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run authorized-keys +[1] Check if OpenSSH authorized_keys file is up-to-date +OK +</code></pre> +The challenge is to figure out which <code>check</code> does what and at the moment the best source of information is ... <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8">the sources</a> themselves. The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/cmd/doctor.go">doctor.go</a> command is the entry point and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/tree/v1.16.8/modules/doctor">the doctor directory</a> contains the rest. +Some <code>checks</code> are straightforward to understand, even if you do not know Go, such as <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/v1.16.8/modules/doctor/authorizedkeys.go">the authorized-keys check</a>. Others are much more involved and your best chance is to <a href="https://matrix.to/#/#gitea:matrix.org">ask the Gitea chatroom</a> for help. +<h3 id="is-it-going-to-hurt">Is it going to hurt?<a class="zola-anchor" href="#is-it-going-to-hurt" aria-label="Anchor link for: is-it-going-to-hurt" + >#</a +> +</h3> +By default the doctor (very much like <code>fsck -N</code>) only performs non destructive checks and displays diagnostics, with an indication of how serious the problem is. In the example above, there only are lines with [I] (which indicates an information) and [W] which indicates a warning that can be ignored but may be worth looking into. Those two warnings are actually just informational and should be labelled as [I], <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19836">which has been fixed</a> in a more recent version of the doctor. +Now let's do something bad: remove the permissions from a hook in our repository: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea chmod -x /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive +</code></pre> +Run the doctor with the <code>check</code> supposed to find that out: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +Ask it to fix this with the <code>--fix</code> flag: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks --fix +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable + - [W] Regenerated hooks for root/test + - [W] old hook file /var/lib/gitea/git/repositories/root/test.git/hooks/post-receive is not executable +</code></pre> +And run it one last time to check all is well: +<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ docker exec gitea gitea doctor --run hooks +[1] Check if hook files are up-to-date and executable +OK +</code></pre> +Even when the doctor is unable to fix a problem, it can help by showing extensive debug output which can be found, by default, in the <code>doctor.log</code> file in the directory from which it runs. Or it can be displayed on the standard output with <code>--log-file -</code>, which is most convenient when running in docker. +<h3 id="going-further">Going further<a class="zola-anchor" href="#going-further" aria-label="Anchor link for: going-further" + >#</a +> +</h3> +If that was helpful to you, I would very much appreciate if you <a href="https://mastodon.online/@dachary">send me a message on Mastodon</a>. It will encourage me to write more blog posts to share what I learn about Gitea. Even better: you could <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pulls">send a pull request</a> to improve the doctor and help it mature. + + + diff --git a/tags/tutorial/index.html b/tags/tutorial/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1df174f --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/tutorial/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + tutorial | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + +

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+ + diff --git a/tags/upgrade/atom.xml b/tags/upgrade/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..66953f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/upgrade/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ + + + - upgrade + + + Zola + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + https://gna.org/tags/upgrade/atom.xml + + [solved] Gitea 1.15 and up: path not found or permission denied + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-28T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/path-not-found/ + In Gitea 1.15 the <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/custom/conf/app.example.ini">app.example.ini</a> file was changed to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/commit/4a84022d2559ccfc99960c7c654ee8b9b38664f7">comment out most of the values</a>. The assumption was that all values exactly matched the defaults <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/setting/setting.go">in the source code</a>. However, there are differences, for instance for <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cfb4c23a5009b9c236d48ac0bc156577c7d70741/modules/setting/setting.go#L771">APP_DATA_PATH</a>. Before Gitea 1.15, <code>app.example.ini</code> contained: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the directory from which the Gitea server was running. In Gitea 1.15 up to 1.16, it was commented out: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and the path was relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. +When a distribution such as voidlinux <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/master/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch">uses app.example.ini</a> as a base for the Gitea package, this change indirectly creates a regression and an upgrade of Gitea <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19367">fails with errors</a> such as <code>unable to open level db at data/data/queues/common: mkdir data: permission denied</code>. The regression did not show as soon as Gitea 1.15 became available in voidlinux because the package <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/7fc9190f0e0d557dd5031e68df4e183892d4315b/srcpkgs/gitea/patches/config.patch#L62">explicitly set <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code></a>. But this <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/19d986a2cae9ce73d32552ddb62443b5e7fa13e2">changed when Gitea 1.15.6 was packaged</a> and once the value was commented out, upgrading triggered the problem. This was worked around six month later with the <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/44b6c96fa12ce9d993c7a2ac9486d892735b7e3a">Gitea 1.16.8</a> package. +The <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code> directory is not the only one, the <code>[log] ROOT_PATH</code> is another example. There is an <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19815">ongoing effort</a> to improve the situation in Gitea 1.17. With the downside of introducing breaking changes that will have an impact on all Gitea installations because the content of the <code>app.ini</code> file will be interpreted differently. In the case of <code>APP_DATA_PATH</code>, both: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +and: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>; APP_DATA_PATH = data +</code></pre> +will be interpreted to be relative to the work path directory, as provided either via the --work-path argument or the <code>GITEA_WORK_DIR</code> environment variable. Every Gitea installation using APP_DATA_PATH = data will need to update the value to be an absolute path such as /var/lib/gitea/data so that it keeps pointing to the expected directory. +In order to prepare for the change or ensure the consistency of all path, there fortunately is a very simple solution: always use absolute paths in the <code>app.ini</code> configuration file. + + + + [solved] Gitea 1.16.[678] error: fatal: unsafe repository is owned by someone else + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/unsafe-repository-is-owned-by-someone-else/ + April 12, 2022 version <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqv8veb5i6.fsf@gitster.g/">git v2.35.2</a> was released and addresses a security issue <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. It was backported to 2.30.3, v2.31.2, v2.32.1, v2.33.2, and v2.34.2 and published by distributions such as <a href="https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-24765">Debian GNU/Linux</a>, <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +If Gitea runs as user <code>foo</code>, calls a patched Git version and a parent directory of the git repositories is owned by a user other than <code>foo</code>, it will fail with a message such as: +<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code>Failed to open repository: Git/Data Error: exit status 128 - fatal: unsafe repository ('/data/git/repositories/git/data.git' is owned by someone else) +</code></pre> +This started to show in the past few weeks to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455">users running the Gitea binary on Windows</a> who also independently installed git v2.36. And then to people running <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106331149">Gitea from snap</a>, on <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19455#issuecomment-1106312061">a Synology NAS</a> and then people running from <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/Dockerfile#L2">Gitea docker images</a> which is based on <a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/releases/">Alpine</a>. +<h3 id="workarounds">Workarounds<a class="zola-anchor" href="#workarounds" aria-label="Anchor link for: workarounds" + >#</a +> +</h3> +<ul> +<li>If using <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/gitea/gitea">Gitea docker images</a>: +<ul> +<li>upgrade to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">Gitea >=1.16.9</a> or 1.17, both have git >=2.36</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>If the Gitea binary was installed independently of git, upgrade git to a version that is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a> and disable the security check entirely with: +<ul> +<li>impersonate the <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">user dedicated to Gitea</a> (usually git)</li> +<li><code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<h3 id="bug-fix">Bug fix<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix" + >#</a +> +</h3> +The <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19870">bug fix</a> is for Gitea to ensure <code>git config --global --replace-all safe.directory '*'</code> is set on its <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">dedicated user</a> when it initializes. It is effective on the condition that the git CLI version is <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-safedirectory">greater or equal to 2.36</a>. +<h3 id="bug-fix-rationale">Bug fix rationale<a class="zola-anchor" href="#bug-fix-rationale" aria-label="Anchor link for: bug-fix-rationale" + >#</a +> +</h3> +It is safe to <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs">disable the security check in Gitea</a>. It is not vulnerable to <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a> because it calls the git CLI <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/command.go#L160">after changing its working directory</a> to be the git repository targeted by the command (for instance <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/diff.go#L38-L45">diff</a>) or a temporary directory. Therefore it will not explore the parent directories looking for a git configuration file. +The security check is triggered because the repository is owned by an unexpected user (root instead of git typically) and not because a parent directory is owned by an unexpected user. This, in itself, is a problem worth investigating but it is unrelated and was revealed by the newer security check of git even though it does not match the threat described in <a href="https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-vw2c-22j4-2fh2">CVE-2022-24765</a>. +It appears non trivial to enforce a consistent ownership of files and directories, either within docker or outside docker when networked file systems are involved. The Gitea server was not troubled by this inconsistency so far because the permissions allow it to write and read where expected, regardless of the owner. It is not worth looking into but it is ancient and unrelated. +Gitea runs under a dedicated user, either when installed <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/#recommended-server-configuration">from binary</a> or from <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-with-docker/">docker</a> and <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/modules/git/git.go#L196-L207">modifies the global git configuration</a> depending on the git version at initialization time. Fixing the problem can therefore be done by <a href="https://lab.forgefriends.org/forgefriends/forgefriends/-/merge_requests/50/diffs#bcd72ff867cbd1ddd5b6518c3a05b5f1a6021286_209_209">disabling the security check in the global git config file at initialization time</a>. It also requires a minimum version of git 2.36 to be installed, which is the case for Gitea docker images with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19876">versions >= 1.16.9</a>. + + + + [solved] blank or error 500 page after login + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + 2022-05-08T00:00:00+00:00 + + https://gna.org/blog/blank-or-error-500-page-after-login/ + The <a href="https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/upgrade-from-gitea/#upgrade-from-binary">instructions to upgrade a Gitea instance</a> only require three to four steps. They work fine most of the time but the documentation is lacking a "Troubleshooting" section to help out when something goes wrong. Maintaining instructions on how to diagnose and fix upgrade problems is an ambitious undertaking and requires updates every time a new case is discovered. +An <a href="https://forum.gna.org/t/things-to-know-about-gitea-upgrades/39">inventory of the known upgrade issues</a> was started to figure out how to structure such a section in the documentation. The <a href="https://blog.gitea.io/">release notes</a> were analyzed all the way back to <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.9.6">Gitea 1.9.6</a> and the work is still in progress. Here is a sample of the tips that will be included: +<ul> +<li>Upgrade directly to the latest Gitea version, there is no need to upgrade to intermediate versions.</li> +<li>If the upgrade from version x.y to version x.y+2 fails and there is a need to narrow down the problem, try upgrading to the latest minor version of each major version and verify it works.</li> +<li>etc.</li> +</ul> +However, even with the best documentation, someone will eventually run into an new problem and fixing it without compromising the integrity of the data will be challenging. This is best demonstrated by a real world example that was concluded a few days ago. +<h1 id="getting-help-from-the-community">Getting help from the community<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-help-from-the-community" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-help-from-the-community" + >#</a +> +</h1> +After <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">upgrading a Gitea intsance from 1.9.6 to 1.16.5</a> the tests conducted manually did not uncover any problem. However, after going to production, some users saw a blank page after login and had to manually type the URL of the project they wanted to see in the browser. The person in charge of the upgrade never had to diagnose Gitea problem and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051">reached out in the Gitea forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: explain the problem in a public forum as early as possible to get help from the community +</blockquote> +In their post in the forum they explained how they attempted to diagnose the problem and how why they thought that only users created a few years ago were impacted. It was a detailed analysis that was concluded with a partial copy of the logs. It was unfortunately missing <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">key information</a> that was provided only three days later. In the meantime, as they could not figure out the source of the problem, they were on the verge of <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/11">accepting the loss of all the Gitea database</a> and start over from the repositories. However, once all the details were available, <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">a workaround</a> was suggested in the forum. +<blockquote> +Tip: focus more on providing detailed facts than exposing the attempted diagnostic +</blockquote> +There was hope to fix Gitea and in the following days they applied the workaround. They also tried to improve it but without success and eventually accepted a partial data loss as inevitable and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">reported their success back to the forum</a>. +<blockquote> +Tip: when getting support from the community, providing feedback is the best token of appreciation +</blockquote> +<h1 id="getting-professional-help">Getting professional help<a class="zola-anchor" href="#getting-professional-help" aria-label="Anchor link for: getting-professional-help" + >#</a +> +</h1> +The <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">Gna! Clinic</a> is a collective of individual and companies that provides professional services to Gitea admins. They are active members of the Gitea community who <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/u/dachary/activity">help out</a> as volunteers. They can also be hired to resolve the more complicated cases. +The Gitea instance that was in trouble required more than a few minutes of work and access to the database content for a proper diagnostic. They <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/13">proposed their assistance</a> but although <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/user-research-about-gitea-upgrade-experiences-call-for-volunteers/5063/2">well received</a>, it was not accepted. +When the Gitea admin explained how they chose to resolve the problem <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/14">on the forum</a>, it confirmed the workaround was viable and the root problem was identified. That was enough to figure out a fix for the underlying bug with <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a rather simple patch</a> that was merged <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">and backported</a> in the following days. But it happened too late to avoid the data loss. +To summarize with a timeline, here is what happened: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login and a the Gitea admin tries to diagnose the problem</li> +<li>J+2: A message is sent to ask for help in the community</li> +<li>J+2 to J+6: Three people in the community suggest ideas but the Gitea admin cannot figure out the root cause and is on the verge of accepting the loss of all Gitea data and restart from the git repositories</li> +<li>J+6: A workaround is suggested by the community</li> +<li>J+7 to J+17: The Gitea admin applies the workaround and only looses part of the Gitea data</li> +</ul> +And in retrospect, here is what could have happened instead: +<ul> +<li>J+1: The problem is discovered by users who see a blank page after login</li> +<li>J+1: The Gitea admin <a href="https://gna.org/gitea-clinic/">reaches out to someone at the Gna! Clinic</a></li> +<li>J+2: The <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/12">logs of the Gitea instance</a> are analyzed, the root cause diagnosed and <a href="https://discourse.gitea.io/t/blank-page-after-login/5051/17">a patch</a> is created to fix it.</li> +<li>J+3: If necessary a Gitea binary is created with the patch and used as a temporary replacement until the next point release is published with <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19629">the backport</a>. The Gitea admin runs the patched Gitea binary in the meantime. There is no data loss.</li> +</ul> +It does not mean all upgrade problems can be resolved so easily. But it shows, with an example, that in some cases it makes sense to get professional help. + + + diff --git a/tags/upgrade/index.html b/tags/upgrade/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e8cddfe --- /dev/null +++ b/tags/upgrade/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + upgrade | Gna!: Managed Gitea Hosting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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Gna! is committed to comply with the CHATONS charter.

All applications and infrastructure software used in Gna! are published under a Free Software license.

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Gna! has no copyright claim over content uploaded by its users.

Gna! hosts, via application software, content in private spaces that are not publicly accessible. Hostea system administrators are committed to not look into those private spaces, even when they have the technical ability to do so, to respect the users privacy.

Support# +

Support requests should be filed as an issue in https://gitea.gna.org/Hostea/support/issues.

Publicly available content published on Gitea instances# +

All publicly available software published on the dedicated Gitea instances provided by Gna! must be published under a Free Software license.

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Gna! exclusively uses resources located in France, at the Graveline OVH datacenter (59820 Gravelines, Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie, France) and at 12 bd Magenta, 75010 Paris, France. A copy of the backups is kept at Arndtstr 44, 10965 Berlin, Germany. It is created and maintained using Enough.

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Security updates are applied via unattended upgrades.

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Backups are managed via the Enough backup playbook so that there exist at least one backup of each machine in a geographical location that is different from the one where it runs.

Disaster recovery involves rebooting the machine that was lost using a backup, either within a libvirt hypervisor or an OpenStack tenant.

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A user can request deletion or anonymisation of the data they are unable to delete themselves by sending a request to contact@gna.org.

A user can request an copy of the data held by Gna! that they are unable to download themselves by sending a request to contact@gna.org.

Editorial responsibility# +

The person responsible for the editorial content published on Gna! is Loïc Dachary, 12 bd Magenta, 75010 Paris.

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Gna! users are kindly invited to get in touch with loic@dachary.org and organize a meeting in person to discuss the services provided.

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1.17 breaking changes episode 1: preserving a custom gitconfig

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1.17 breaking changes episode 2: preserving a custom gitconfig

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1.17 breaking changes episode 1: preserving a custom gitconfig

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[solved] Gitea 1.15 and up: path not found or permission denied

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